研究论文
蒋慧敏,李忠勤,张昕,王飞腾,周茜,王芳龙,张永锋,郑存英,宋梦媛,陈桃桃.兰州市冬夏季大气PM2.5化学组分特征及来源分析[J].环境科学学报,2021,41(5):1690-1702
兰州市冬夏季大气PM2.5化学组分特征及来源分析
- Chemical components characteristics and source analysis of PM2.5 over Lanzhou city in winter and summer
- 基金项目:第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(No.2019QZKK0201);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(No.XDA20060201,XDA20020102);国家自然科学基金国际合作(No.41761134093);国家自然科学基金(No.41471058);冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室自主课题资助(No.SKLCS-ZZ-2020)
- 蒋慧敏
- 西北师范大学, 地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070
- 李忠勤
- 1. 西北师范大学, 地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070;2. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000;3. 石河子大学, 理学院, 新疆 832000
- 张昕
- 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000
- 王飞腾
- 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000
- 周茜
- 兰州大学, 资源环境学院, 兰州 730000
- 王芳龙
- 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000
- 张永锋
- 西北师范大学, 地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070
- 郑存英
- 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000
- 宋梦媛
- 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000
- 陈桃桃
- 西北师范大学, 地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070
- 摘要:于2019年冬季(1月)和夏季(7月)对兰州市大气PM2.5进行了连续采集,并结合同时期的气象资料分析了PM2.5化学组分(有机碳、元素碳、水溶性离子)特征及来源.结果表明,冬季OC浓度为11.58~45.42 μg·m-3,EC浓度为3.25~13.90 μg·m-3,夏季OC、EC浓度分别为8.42~23.08、2.85~7.93 μg·m-3,OC浓度总体高于EC,在PM2.5中占到了更高的比重.冬季平均OC/EC为3.24,夏季平均OC/EC为2.75,表明有二次气溶胶SOC生成,且机动车排放与冬季燃煤供暖为其主要污染源.冬季OC和EC相关系数为0.94,夏季为0.66,夏季相关系数较低表明其污染来源较冬季复杂.SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、Ca2+是大气PM2.5中最重要的4种水溶性离子,这4种离子在冬季和夏季分别占到总水溶性离子的84.56%和90.16%,占PM2.5的45.6%、14.5%.主成分分析法、后向轨迹及浓度权重结果表明,兰州市PM2.5主要的污染源除了受本地化石燃料燃烧、机动车尾气、生物质燃烧排放、土壤和建筑粉尘的影响外,还可能受到内蒙古高原和新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠等地远距离传输的影响.
- Abstract:PM2.5 samples were collected in Lanzhou during winter (January) and summer (July) 2019. We analyzed the carbonaceous aerosols, water-soluble inorganic ions, and related meteorological parameters. The results showed that the OC concentration varied from 11.58~45.42 μg·m-3 in winter and the EC concentration varied between 3.25~13.90 μg·m-3. The concentration ranges of OC and EC in summer were 8.42~23.08 μg·m-3 and 2.85~7.93 μg·m-3. The OC concentration was generally higher than EC, and accounted for a higher proportion of PM2.5. The average OC/EC was 3.24 in winter and 2.75 in summer, indicating that more secondary aerosol SOC was produced. It also showed that motor vehicle emissions and heating were the main pollution sources in winter. The correlation coefficient of OC and EC was 0.94 in winter and 0.66 in summer. The correlation coefficient in summer was lower than winter, suggesting that the source of pollution was more complex than winter. SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Ca2+ were the four most important water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5, accounting for 84.56%, 90.16% of the total water-soluble ions and 45.6%, 14.5% of the PM2.5 in winter and summer, respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA), backward trajectory and concentration weight trajectory (CWT) showed that the main pollution source of PM2.5 in Lanzhou was not only affected by local fossil fuel combustion, motor vehicle exhaust, biomass combustion emissions, soil and construction dust, but also affected by long-distance from the Inner Mongolia Plateau and the Taklimakan Desert in Xinjiang.