• 关键词：土法炼锌废渣  植物凋落物  斑马鱼  抗氧化酶  神经毒性  DNA损伤

• 基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（No.2018YFC1802602）；国家自然科学基金委员会-贵州喀斯特科学研究中心项目（No.U1612442）；国家自然科学基金（No.41663009）；贵州省百层次创新人才培养计划项目（No.黔科合平台人才（2020）6002）

• 杨开智
• 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 贵阳 550025

• 吴永贵
• 1. 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 贵阳 550025;2. 贵州大学应用生态研究所, 贵阳 550025;3. 贵州喀斯特环境生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站, 贵阳 550025

• 王晓睿
• 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 贵阳 550025

• 谢荣
• 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 贵阳 550025

• 王铁运
• 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 贵阳 550025

• 摘要：为评价矿山生态修复过程中植物凋落物参与下炼锌废渣体系浸出液对水生生物抗氧化酶和神经毒性的影响，通过模拟添加不同类型代表性修复植物（三叶草、刺槐、构树和法国梧桐）凋落物处理黔西北土法炼锌废渣，检测在不同处理废渣浸出液中暴露28 d斑马鱼（Danio rerio）组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的变化，以及红细胞DNA的损伤情况.结果表明，无凋落物组在28 d时SOD和CAT活性受到显著抑制，而添加凋落物组抗氧化酶活性在实验期间无明显规律，基本维持在正常水平；在实验期间，无凋落物组MDA含量显著升高，并在28 d时含量最高，凋落物组MDA含量并无明显升高，仅刺槐组在暴露后期（28 d）时显著高于空白组.随暴露时间延长，各处理组对斑马鱼脑AChE活性表现为先诱导后抑制的作用，并在28 d时受抑制程度明显加强.无凋落物组在28 d时DNA发生明显偏移，而添加凋落物处理后，Olive尾矩（OTM）明显缩短.综上，添加凋落物可明显降低废渣浸出液对斑马鱼抗氧化系统损伤和遗传毒性，其中阔叶高蛋白乔木构树凋落物可以显著降低炼锌废渣生态风险，可作为废渣污染控制的有机改良剂.因此，在开展金属冶炼废渣堆场生态修复过程中选取合适的植物种类及其凋落物对加速冶炼废渣生态修复进程及有效降低废渣污染物的生态风险具有重要意义.

• Abstract：The influece of zinc smelting waste slag system leachate on the antioxidant enzymatic activity and neurotoxicity of aquatic organisms was evaluated. The indigenous zinc smelting waste slag, treated with different types of representative restoration plant litters (Trifolium repens, Robinia pseudoacacia, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Platanus orientalis) during the ecological restoration of the mine, were collected from northwestern Guizhou. Changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) tissues and DNA damage of red blood cells were determined after the zebrafish exposed to the leachate of different waste slag treatments for 28 days. The results showed that SOD and CAT activities of zebrafish in the treatments by zinc waste without plant litter were significantly inhibited. However, the antioxidant enzyme activity in the treatments by zinc waste with plant litter had no obvious rule and basically maintained at the normal level during the experiment. The MDA content in the treatments without plant litter significantly increased and reached the highest level at the 28^th day. While the MDA content in the treatments with plant litter did not significantly increase, and only the Robinia pseudoacacia treatments were significantly higher than that in the blank treatments at the late exposure stage (28 d). With the extension of exposure time, the AChE activity of zebrafish brain in each treatment increased firstly and then decreased and the significant inhibitory effects occurred on the 28^th day. The DNA in the treatments without plant litter were significantly offset at 28^th d. While the Olive tail moment (OTM) was significantly shortened in the treatments with plant litter. In summary, the addition of plant litters significantly reduced the damage of waste slag leachate to the antioxidant system and genetic toxicity of zebrafish. The litters of Broussonetia papyrifera, a broad-leaved high-protein tree, significantly reduced the ecological risk of zinc smelting waste slag. It can be used as an organic amendment for controlling the waste slag pollution. Therefore, it is of great significance to select suitable plant species and its litters to accelerate the ecological restoration process of smelting waste slag and effectively reduce the ecological risk of waste slag pollutants.

• Key words：zinc smelting waste slag  plant litters  zebrafish  antioxidant enzyme  neurotoxicity  DNA damage

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