• 关键词：常规大气污染物  大气污染防治行动  时间趋势  影响因素  哈尔滨

• 基金项目：城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室（哈尔滨工业大学）自主课题（No.2020TS03）

• 祝富杰
• 1. 哈尔滨工业大学 环境学院 城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室 持久性有毒物质国际联合研究中心, 哈尔滨 150090;2. 黑龙江省极地环境与生态重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150090

• 马万里
• 1. 哈尔滨工业大学 环境学院 城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室 持久性有毒物质国际联合研究中心, 哈尔滨 150090;2. 黑龙江省极地环境与生态重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150090

• 摘要：自2013年我国实施《大气污染防治行动计划》以来，我国大气中常规污染物的浓度逐年降低，环境空气质量得到了显著改善.哈尔滨市2014年以来，也陆续实施了《清洁空气行动计划》、《大气污染防治专项行动计划（2016─2018）》和《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》.本文基于哈尔滨市2015—2019年6种常规大气污染物在国控站点的浓度数据，对其污染特征和年际变化规律进行了深入研究.结果表明，PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂和CO的浓度呈现显著下降的趋势，而O₃的浓度却呈现上升的趋势.相关性分析表明大部分污染物与温度、湿度、降雨和风速均具有显著的相关性，反映了气象参数对于大气中常规污染物浓度的影响.谐波回归模型的结果表明，污染物的浓度具有明显的季节变化趋势和年际变化趋势，PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂和CO的半衰期分别为5.05±0.310、7.81±0.640、6.32±0.312、6.58±0.297和8.13±0.442年，O₃的倍增期为10.0±1.02年.结合哈尔滨近几年实施的大气污染防治行动计划，表明大气污染源的有效控制是常规大气污染物浓度持续下降的主要原因.

• Abstract：Since the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action in 2013, the concentrations of conventional air pollutants have been reduced annually, and the ambient air quality has been improved significantly in China. Harbin also conducted many actions since 2014, including the Clean Air Action Plan, the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (2016─2018), and the Three-years Plan for Blue Sky Protection Campaign. Based on the concentrations of six conventional air pollutants at national controlling stations in Harbin from 2015 to 2019, their pollution characteristics and temporal trends were comprehensively studied. The results indicated that PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂ and CO exhibited significant decreasing temporal trends, while O₃ exhibited significant increasing temporal trend. The correlation analysis indicated that most of the conventional air pollutants had significant correlations with temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind speed, which indicated the influence of meteorological factors on atmospheric concentrations of conventional air pollutants. The results of the harmonic regression model indicated that the temporal trend and seasonal variation of the six conventional air pollutants were obvious. The half-lives of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂ and CO were 5.05±0.310、7.81±0.640、6.32±0.312、6.58±0.297 and 8.13±0.442 year, and the doubling time O₃ was 10.0±1.02 years. According to the air pollution prevention and control actions implemented in Harbin in the past five years, it indicated that the effective control of air pollution sources is the main reason for the decreasing temporal trend of conventional air pollutants.

• Key words：conventional air pollutants  Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action  temporal trends  influence factors  Harbin

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