• 关键词：多目标优化  海绵规划  源头减排设施  SWMM  NSGA-II

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.51708157，41877396）；国家重点研发计划（No.2019YFD1100300）

• 孙会航
• 哈尔滨工业大学环境学院, 哈尔滨 150090

• 李俐频
• 哈尔滨工业大学环境学院, 哈尔滨 150090

• 田禹
• 1. 哈尔滨工业大学环境学院, 哈尔滨 150090;2. 哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150090

• 张天奇
• 哈尔滨工业大学环境学院, 哈尔滨 150090

• 左薇
• 哈尔滨工业大学环境学院, 哈尔滨 150090

• 蔡贵远
• 哈尔滨工业大学环境学院, 哈尔滨 150090

• 张发明
• 中国建筑第二工程局有限公司, 北京 100000

• 摘要：海绵城市源头减排设施已被广泛应用于城市雨水径流削减与污染控制，但仍缺乏一种综合评价方法来实现其科学规划设计.本研究构建了一种基于多目标优化与综合评价相耦合的海绵城市规划设计方法，以建设成本、雨水综合径流系数、污染物综合控制率为目标函数，以源头减排设施建设规模和海绵城市径流控制指标作为边界条件，建立基于快速分类的非支配遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）的多目标优化模型；然后结合层次分析法对优化解集进行综合指标评价，得出最优化设计方案.利用该方法以研究区A为案例，构建了一套建设成本最小化、水文水质效益最大化的设计方案，并通过海绵城市建设前后的暴雨洪水管理模型（SWMM），评估最优化方案的降雨径流控制与径流污染控制效果.研究结果表明，海绵城市建设能大幅削减雨水径流量，年径流总量控制率达70.1%；雨水峰值流量削减率超过40%，同时延后径流峰值出现时间；有效降低雨水径流污染，研究区各类污染物综合削减率均超过30%.本文提出的多目标优化与综合评价方法，能够基于特定的目标与需求，针对性提出适合区域发展的海绵建设方案，为海绵城市规划设计提供技术支持.

• Abstract：Sponge city source emission reduction facilities have been widely used in urban rainwater runoff reduction and pollution control, but there is still a lack a comprehensive evaluation method to realize its scientific planning and design. This study constructed a sponge urban planning and design method based on multi-objective optimization and comprehensive evaluation, which takes construction cost, comprehensive rainwater runoff coefficient, and comprehensive pollutant control rate as the objective function, and uses the construction scale of source emission reduction facilities and sponge city runoff control indicators as boundary conditions to establish a multi-objective optimization model of Non-Dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ). Then combined with the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the comprehensive index of the optimal solution set, and get the optimal design plan. Using this method and taking research area A as a case, a set of design schemes were constructed that minimized the construction cost and maximized the benefits of hydrology and water quality. Through the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) before and after the construction of the sponge city, the effects of rainfall runoff control and runoff pollution control of the optimized plan are evaluated. The results of the study show that the construction of sponge cities can significantly reduce rainwater runoff, and the total annual runoff control rate reaches 70.1%.The reduction rate of peak rainfall flow exceeded 40%, and the peak runoff time was delayed. The rainwater runoff pollution was effectively reduced, and the comprehensive reduction rate of various pollutants in the study area exceeded 30%. The multi-objective optimization and comprehensive evaluation method proposed in this paper can propose a sponge construction plan suitable for regional development based on specific goals and needs, and provide technical support for the planning and design of sponge cities.

• Key words：multi-objective optimization  sponge city planning  source reduction facilities  SWMM  NSGA-II

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