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专论与综述

Current status of microplastics contamination in China's water environment and its potential ecological risks

基金项目：深圳市科技计划资助项目（No.KQTD20190929172630447）；深圳市高层次人才科研启动项目（No.FA11409006）；哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）科研启动项目（No.FA45001022）

摘要：微塑料在水环境中的广泛存在导致的环境污染问题引起了全世界的关注.微塑料对水生生物的生长活动、生命健康产生威胁，同时也对生态系统的功能产生影响.中国是世界上十大塑料制品生产和消费国之一，近年来，我国在多个水环境中发现了微塑料的踪迹.本文对中国几种水环境（污水处理厂、淡水、海洋）中微塑料的污染情况进行了总结，并对微塑料产生的影响，特别是微塑料产生的潜在生态风险进行了介绍.现阶段水环境中微塑料的研究大多数是针对于某一特定水域，缺少微塑料在不同水域环境中迁移赋存的探究，且对于微塑料生态毒性的研究还很少，为此我们提出了未来水环境中针对微塑料研究的建议与展望.

Abstract：The widespread occurrence of microplastics in the water environment which resulted in environmental contamination issues has attracted worldwide attention. The existence of microplastics poses a threat to the growth and health of aquatic organisms, and also affects the function of the ecosystems. China is one of the top ten countries producing and consuming plastic products in the world. For the past few years, Chinese researchers have found microplastics in several water environments including marine environment, fresh water, and wastewater treatment plants. In this review, we have summarized the microplastics contamination in several water environments consisting of wastewater treatment plants, freshwater, and marine environment in China. Meanwhile, we introduced the adverse impact of microplastics, especially the potential ecological risks exposed to the ecosystem. At this stage, most of the research on microplastics in the water environment focuses on a certain water environment point. Research on the migration and pollution of microplastics in different connected water environments is still lacking, and there are few studies on the ecotoxicity of microplastics. Therefore, we also put forward suggestions and perspectives for future research regarding microplastics in the water environment.

Key words：water environment microplastic contamination biological threats ecological risk