• 关键词：高通量测序  稻田土壤  细菌  CO₂  封存  泄漏

• 基金项目：国家高技术研究发展计划（863）项目（No.2012AA0501030）；陕西省教育厅自然科学研究计划项目（No.19JK1001）；陕西省科技厅一般项目（青年）（No.2021JQ-832）；陕西省榆林市科技局自然科学研究计划项目（No.CXY-2020-015）

• 程萌
• 西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安 710127

• 马俊杰
• 1. 西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安 710127;2. 二氧化碳捕集与封存国家与地方工程研究中心, 西安 710127;3. 陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室, 西安 710127

• 刘丹
• 1. 西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安 710127;2. 西安市环境卫生科学研究所, 西安 710065

• 薛璐
• 1. 西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安 710127;2. 榆林学院生命科学学院, 榆林 719000

• 吴宁
• 西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安 710127

• 胡芊
• 西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安 710127

• 摘要：为研究CO₂地质封存过程中CO₂泄漏对水稻及稻田土壤的风险影响，利用CO₂模拟泄漏平台，研究了不同CO₂泄漏速率下水稻生长、稻田土壤性质与土壤细菌组成及多样性的变化特征.结果表明：随着CO₂泄漏速率的增加，稻田土壤pH显著降低，电导率显著增加，水稻生长受到明显抑制；稻田土壤细菌的丰富度指数和多样性指数均有增加，均匀度指数有所降低.CO₂泄漏显著改变了稻田土壤细菌组成，稻田土壤的优势菌门中变形菌门、拟杆菌门与绿弯菌门的相对丰度总体降低，而酸杆菌门与放线菌门的相对丰度总体升高；稻田土壤优势菌属中RB41、MND1、厌氧粘菌属及鞘脂单胞菌属的丰度总体升高，而硝化螺旋菌属的丰度总体降低；稀有细菌中CO₂泄漏下全部出现的有粘胶球形菌门、柔膜菌门及双头菌属、硫杆菌属，CO₂泄漏后全部消亡的为假单胞菌属.建议将变形菌门的减少和酸杆菌门的增加，以及RB41、MND1及厌氧粘菌属的增加作为稻田土壤CO₂泄漏监测的推荐指标.

• Abstract：This study aimed to evaluate the potential risk of CO₂ leakage during the CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) by the CO₂ leakage simulation platform. Specifically, a range of parameters including rice growth, properties of paddy soil, and soil bacterial diversity and composition of paddy soil were applied to characterize the adverse effects caused by CO₂ at different leakage rates. The results showed that with the increase of CO₂ leakage rate, the pH decreased, the conductivity of paddy soil and the growth of rice were significantly increased and reduced, respectively. Furthermore, compared to the increase of the bacteria richness index and the diversity index of paddy soil, the evenness index decreased. Moreover, the bacterial composition of paddy soil was notably changed by CO₂ leakage, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi in the dominant bacteria phyla of paddy soil generally decreased, while those of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria increased. At the genus level, the abundances of RB41, MND1, Anaeromyxobacter and Sphingomonas in the dominant genus of paddy soil increased, but Nitrospira decreased. Among the rare bacteria under the CO₂ leakage, all the phyla of Lentisphaerae, Tenericutes and the genus of Labrys, Sulfurifustis appeared, and the genus Pseudohongiella all disappeared. Taken together, the decrease of Proteobacteria and the increase of Acidobacteria, and the increase of RB41, MND1 and Anaeromyxobacter can be used as markers for monitoring CO₂ leakage in paddy soil.

• Key words：high-throughput sequencing  paddy soil  bacteria  CO₂  storage  leakage

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