程荣,陈惠鑫,亓畅,侯锋,曹效鑫,郑祥,曾凡刚,李振华.北运河流域沙河水库的浮游生物群落特征分析[J].环境科学学报,2021,41(1):239-246
北运河流域沙河水库的浮游生物群落特征分析
- Characteristics of plankton community structure in Shahe Reservoir of the North Canal
- 基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（No.2017ZX07102-002）；国家自然科学基金（No.52070192，51778618）
- 侯锋
- 国投信开水环境投资有限公司, 北京 100084
- 曹效鑫
- 国投信开水环境投资有限公司, 北京 100084
- 郑祥
- 1. 中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100872;2. 北京市可持续城市排水系统构建与风险控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100044
- 摘要：北运河是北京市最重要的排水河道，近年来流域综合治理工作使得其生态环境逐步得到改善.为掌握北运河生态环境的改善状况，本研究于2018年5月—2019年7月基于北运河上游重要节点的沙河水库开展了水生态调查，并通过文献调研，系统对比了近年来北运河水质改善状况.实地调查结果发现，沙河库区及其上下游（以下简称为沙河）浮游植物的主要组成为绿藻门（Chlorophyta）和硅藻门（Bacillariophyta），Shannon-Wiener多样性指数表明沙河水质处于中污染状态；沙河浮游动物主要组成部分为原生动物和轮虫，浮游动物丰度的季节性差异明显.冗余分析结果显示，化学需氧量与浮游生物丰度显著相关（p<0.01）.基于文献调研的结果表明，北运河的水质经历了"污染-污染加剧-污染遏制"的过程，且北运河的污染治理工作在2015年已见成效，浮游生物的变化也佐证了这一过程.但目前沙河化学需氧量和总氮、总磷浓度仍然无法达到水功能区划的要求.因此，未来可通过加强非点源污染的治理、强化污水处理厂脱氮处理工艺等措施进一步改善北运河污染状况.
- Abstract：The North Canal is the most important drainage channel in Beijing. In order to understand the improvement of the ecological environment of the North Canal, an aquatic ecological survey was performed, from May 2018 to July 2019, in Shahe Reservoir, an important node in the upper North Canal. Based on the literature survey, recent improvement of water quality in the North Canal was systematically assessed. It was found that Chlorophyta and Diatom were the main components of phytoplankton in upstream, within, and downstream of Shahe Reservoir (henceforth referred to as the Shahe River). Bashed on Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, the water quality of the Shahe River was relatively poor. The zooplankton was dominated by Protozoa and Rotifer, and the seasonality of abundance of zooplankton was markable. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a significant correlation between COD and plankton abundance. The Shahe River has experienced the process of pollution onset, pollution intensification and pollution containment, and the pollution control measures, applied in the North Canal has achieved preliminary results since 2015. Changes in plankton are also the evidence of this process. However, COD, TN and TP of the Shahe River still cannot meet the requirements of appropriate water function zoning. Therefore, the pollution control measures such as non-point source pollution control and nitrogen removal from sewage may be applied to further improve water quality in the North Canal.
