研究论文

  • 慕航,何超,阮秋明,王丹璐,周晓艳,杨璐,涂佩玥,王海军,洪松.“一带一路”沿线国家PM2.5污染与人口暴露风险的时空分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2021,41(6):2229-2240

  • “一带一路”沿线国家PM2.5污染与人口暴露风险的时空分布特征
  • Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and population exposure risks to PM2.5 in countries along the Belt and Road
  • 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(No.2016YFC0206201,2017YFC0212600)
  • 作者
  • 单位
  • 慕航
  • 1. 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院, 武汉 430079;2. 武汉大学地理信息系统教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430079
  • 何超
  • 1. 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院, 武汉 430079;2. 武汉大学地理信息系统教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430079
  • 阮秋明
  • 越南自然资源与环境部气象水文与气候变化研究所, 越南河内 100000
  • 王丹璐
  • 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
  • 周晓艳
  • 1. 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院, 武汉 430079;2. 武汉大学地理信息系统教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430079
  • 杨璐
  • 1. 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院, 武汉 430079;2. 武汉大学地理信息系统教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430079
  • 涂佩玥
  • 湖北大学资源环境学院, 武汉 430062
  • 王海军
  • 1. 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院, 武汉 430079;2. 武汉大学地理信息系统教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430079
  • 洪松
  • 1. 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院, 武汉 430079;2. 武汉大学地理信息系统教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430079
  • 摘要:使用1999—2016年0.01°×0.01°高空间分辨率的卫星反演PM2.5浓度数据集,结合精度为1 km×1 km的人口栅格数据,分析了"一带一路"沿线65个国家PM2.5污染与暴露风险的时空变化特征.结果表明:①PM2.5浓度存在着明显的区域分布差异,PM2.5浓度高值区(>35 μg·m-3)主要分布在地形平坦、人口密集的恒河平原、华北平原和中南半岛等区域,中值区(10~35 μg·m-3)主要集中在俄罗斯西部、中东欧、沙特东部和缅甸等区域,而低值区(<10 μg·m-3)主要分布在高海拔、高纬度与荒漠化地区,如青藏高原、西伯利亚、西亚卢特沙漠等区域;②65国年均PM2.5浓度从1999年的12.0 μg·m-3上升到2016年的14.1 μg·m-3,年均增长超过0.1 μg·m-3,累计有22.5%的区域有显著的增加趋势,仅有5.2%的区域呈显著下降趋势;③2000—2016年,PM2.5浓度在35 μg·m-3以上的区域面积比重从2.2%上升到7.2%,暴露人口占比从18.9%增加至41.9%;④人口暴露风险平均值从2000年的665.2增加至2016年的1140.4,Hurst总体均值为0.59,其中大于0.5的持续性区域占82.3%,持续性特征以弱持续性为主.
  • Abstract:In this paper, the PM2.5 concentration data and the population distribution raster data were combined to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of PM2.5 pollution and population exposure risks in 65 nations along the the Belt and Road. The PM2.5 concentration dataset was retrieved from satellite images with a resolution of 0.01°×0.01° from 1999 to 2016, and the population distribution dataset was rasterized by 1 km×1 km. The experimental results suggest that:①There are obvious regional distribution differences in PM2.5 concentration. Also, the high-value areas of PM2.5 concentration (>35 μg·m-3) were mainly distributed in plain areas and highly populated areas, such as the Ganges Plain, North China Plain, Indo China Peninsula. The median-value areas, on the other hand, were concentrated in the west of Russia, Central and Eastern Europe, east of Saudi Arabia, Myanmar, while the low-value (<10 μg·m-3) areas were mainly located in elevated-altitude, high-latitude and regions affected by desertification, such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Siberia, the Sialut Desert; ②The average annual PM2.5 concentration in these 65 nations rose from 12.0 μg·m-3 in 1999 to 14.1 μg·m-3 in 2016, with an average annual growth rate exceeding 0.1 μg·m-3. There was a significant increasing trend with 22.5% of the investigated area, while only 5.2% of the area showed a significant downward trend; ③From 2000 to 2016, the proportion of areas with high PM2.5 concentrations increased from 2.2% to 7.2%, and the proportion of exposed population correspondingly increased from 18.9% to 41.9%; ④The average population exposure risk increased from 665.2 in 2000 to 1140.4 in 2016. The average value of Hurst was 0.59, with persistent areas (Hurst > 0.5) accounting for 82.3% of the total, and the metrics of this persistence is proved to be weak.

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