研究报告
刘冬梅,倪佳鑫,冮苗苗,付艺伟,孙辉,鲁晶.小球藻对多种重金属吸附性能的研究[J].环境科学学报,2020,40(10):3710-3718
小球藻对多种重金属吸附性能的研究
- Research on adsorption properties of several heavy metals by chlorella
- 基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（No.2017ZX07501002）；国家自然科学基金（No.50808052）
- 作者
- 单位
- 刘冬梅
- 哈尔滨工业大学环境学院, 城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150090
- 倪佳鑫
- 哈尔滨工业大学环境学院, 城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150090
- 冮苗苗
- 哈尔滨工业大学环境学院, 城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150090
- 付艺伟
- 中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司, 北京 100024
- 孙辉
- 中山市水利水电勘测设计咨询有限公司, 中山 528403
- 鲁晶
- 深圳市水源环保建设有限公司, 深圳 518081
- 摘要：微藻是一种广泛存在、生长速度快、适宜大规模养殖的结构简单的植物.近年来，基于微藻的水污染控制技术被广泛研究并得到认可，其中，利用藻类吸附污染水体中的重金属类物质更被看作是一种极具前景的水处理手段.然而，当前的研究始终对藻类吸附重金属性能的决定性影响因素缺乏相对全面的探究，同时对藻类表面官能团在吸附过程中所起的作用也不明确.对此，本研究采取静态实验的方法，选取常见的淡水藻类小球藻Chlorella sp.和典型重金属Ni （Ⅱ）、Cr （VI）、Cd （Ⅱ），以藻细胞密度、重金属离子浓度、温度、pH作为影响因素，探究其对小球藻细胞吸附性能的影响.结果表明，小球藻对Ni （Ⅱ）、Cr （VI）、Cd （Ⅱ）均显示出了很好的吸附能力.在所选的几种藻细胞密度下，小球藻吸附性能差异不大.当溶液处于中性偏酸性、重金属浓度低于5 mg·L-1的情况下，小球藻吸附效果最好.在20~30℃范围内升高温度对吸附会产生有利影响.对小球藻进行红外光谱检测发现，官能团C—O、C=O、—COOH、—NH—在对重金属离子的吸附过程中起主要作用.
- Abstract：Microalgae is a widely-existing organism in water, which has the characteristics of rapid growth and reproduction, facile large-scale cultivating and so on. In recent years, algae-based methods for remediating of water pollution have been extensively studied. Among them. With the use of algae to absorb heavy metals in polluted water is regarded as a very promising water treatment method. However, the current research has always lacked a thorough understanding of the key factors influencing the adsorption of heavy metals by algae. At the same time, the function of functional groups surrounding the algae surface is also ambiguous. In this regard, a static experiment was conducted which select common Chlorella sp. and typical heavy metals Ni(Ⅱ), Cr(VI), and Cd(Ⅱ) as materials. Explored experimental variables included l algal cell densities, concentration of heavy metals, temperature and pH. The results showed that chlorella had good adsorption properties to three heavy metals. With the selected densities of several algal cells, the adsorption performance of Chlorella was not significantly different. When the solution was neutral or a little acidic and the heavy metal concentration was lower than 5 mg·L-1, Chlorella has the best adsorption effect. In the range of 20~30 ℃, the higher the temperature was, the better adsorption was. In addition, infrared spectroscopy revealed that the main functional groups of Chlorella vulgaris were C—O, C=O, —COOH, —NH—, etc.
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