宋新新,林甲,刘杰,徐相龙,李佳,李传举,江瀚,王洪臣,伊锋.面向未来污水处理技术应用研究现状及工程实践[J].环境科学学报,2021,41(1):39-53
面向未来污水处理技术应用研究现状及工程实践
- The current situation and engineering practice of sewage treatment technology facing the future
- 基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目（No.2017ZX07102，2017ZX07102-003）
- 徐相龙
- 中国人民大学环境学院, 低碳水环境技术研发中心, 北京 100872
- 王洪臣
- 中国人民大学环境学院, 低碳水环境技术研发中心, 北京 100872
- 摘要：目前全球面临巨大能源、水污染及资源危机，传统污水处理技术已无法满足可持续发展需求，实现能源自给、污水再生及资源回收的新型污水处理技术是未来水厂重要实施路径.污水处理厂实现能源自给的关键一是"开源"，即高效回收污水中有机物化学能、低品位热能，并利用外源有机物厌氧共消化、太阳能、风能等技术开发能源；二是"节流"，即利用高效设备、精细化运行系统及厌氧氨氧化技术等举措节能降耗.基于可饮用用途，MBR+RO法是实现污水再生的主要途径，但膜污染严重、电耗高的问题仍有待解决.通过污泥水解技术获得富含VFA的优质碳源或合成PHAs的主要原料是有机物资源化的重要方向；利用污泥焚烧磷回收，可获得90%以上的磷回收率，并可解决污泥处置的困境.系统总结了国内外面向未来污水处理新技术应用研究现状，介绍了典型国家对未来污水处理技术的实践，提出我国面向未来污水处理厂面临的阻碍及可能的出路，为我国未来污水处理厂的发展提供方向.
- Abstract：At present, the world is facing huge energy, water pollution and resource crisis, and traditional sewage treatment technologies can no longer to meet the needs of sustainable development. The new technology which can achieve energy self-sufficiency, wastewater regeneration and resource recovery is an important development in the future. "Open source" is one of the keys to realize energy self-sufficiency of sewage treatment plant, which includes efficient recovery of organic chemical energy and low-grade heat energy from wastewater, as well as exploit energy from anaerobic co-digestion of exogenous organic matter, solar energy, and wind energy etc. "Saving energy" is another key to realize carbon neutral of sewage treatment plant, which saves energy and reduces consumption by using high-efficiency equipment, fine operation system and anammox technology. MBR + RO process is the major method to achieve wastewater regeneration, but membrane pollution and high-power consumption still need to be solved. Organic matter can also be used as resources by sludge hydrolysis technology to obtain rich VFA, a high-quality carbon source or main raw material for PHAs synthesis. By using sludge incineration phosphorus recovery technology, more than 90% of phosphorus recovery rate can be obtained, and the dilemma of sludge outlet can be solved. This paper systematically summarizes current research status and application of noval sewage treatment technologies domestic and abroad, introduces the practice of coming sewage treatment technology in typical countries, and puts forward obstacles and possible solutions for future sewage treatment plants in China, so as to provide direction for the development of sewage treatment plants in China.
