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研究报告

Construction and start-up of a vertical-flow anaerobic treatment system for high-solid kitchen waste

摘要：我国厨余垃圾产量巨大，含固率在25%左右，不适于填埋，厨余垃圾处理亟待寻找其他出路.本研究在中温（（37±1）℃）条件下，构建了垂直流厌氧处理系统处理高含固厨余垃圾，并对其启动阶段运行效能及启动后系统微生物群落结构进行了分析.稳定运行后，系统容积负荷为9.79 g·L^-1·d^-1，挥发性固体（VS）降解率为80.57%±4.10%，比产气率（SBP）和比甲烷产率（SMP）分别为（0.748±0.078）L·g^-1·d^-1和（0.405±0.052）L·g^-1·d^-1，系统缓冲能力强，具有良好的产气能力，不存在酸抑制和氨抑制的情况.对不同位置的微生物群落结构进行分析，细菌在反应器主体的优势菌为Chloroflexi菌门中的Levilinea菌属，参与碳水化合物水解酸化的细菌分布较广；古菌的优势菌属则为Methanothrix、Methanobacterium和Methanolinea，均与产甲烷有关.

Abstract：A huge amount of kitchen wastes with a solid content of about 25% are produced in China, which is not suitable for landfilling. Therefore, other alternative treatment methods of kitchen wastes need to be developed urgently. Under mesophilic condition (37±1) ℃, a vertical-flow anaerobic treatment system was constructed to treat this high-solid kitchen wastes, and its operating efficiency and microbial community structure after startup were analyzed. After stable operation, the volume loading rate was 9.79 g·L^-1·d^-1, and the volatile solid (VS) reduction could reach 80.57%±4.10%. Specific biogas production (SBP) and specific methane production (SMP) were (0.748±0.078) L·g^-1·d^-1and (0.405±0.052) L·g^-1·d^-1, respectively. The system had enough buffer capacity and good biogas production ability, and there was no inhibition of acid or ammonia. Through the analysis of the microbial community structure in different locations, the dominant bacteria was Levilinea, and the bacteria involved in the hydrolysis and acidification of carbohydrates were widely distributed; the dominant archaea were Methanothrix, Methanobacterium and Methanolinea, which were all related to methane production.

Key words：high-solid kitchen wastes vertical-flow anaerobic digestion start-up microbial communities