陈小桐,安静,杨合,胡恩柱.辽宁省畜禽养殖业抗生素排放特征及减排路径分析[J].环境科学学报,2021,41(7):2896-2904
辽宁省畜禽养殖业抗生素排放特征及减排路径分析
- Analysis of antibiotics emission characteristics and reduction path of livestock and poultry industry in Liaoning Province
- 基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（No.2018YFC1801200）
- 陈小桐
- 东北大学冶金学院, 辽宁省冶金资源循环科学重点实验室, 沈阳 110819
- 安静
- 东北大学冶金学院, 辽宁省冶金资源循环科学重点实验室, 沈阳 110819
- 杨合
- 东北大学冶金学院, 辽宁省冶金资源循环科学重点实验室, 沈阳 110819
- 胡恩柱
- 东北大学冶金学院, 辽宁省冶金资源循环科学重点实验室, 沈阳 110819
- 摘要：抗生素作为新兴环境污染物，已成为国内外研究的热点问题.以磺胺类和四环素类抗生素为研究对象，运用物质流分析方法，对辽宁省畜禽养殖业抗生素的排放特征进行系统分析，并通过情景分析法对各减排路径进行了比较分析.结果表明：2017年辽宁省畜禽养殖业两类抗生素的消耗总量为712 t，排放总量为280 t；排泄物中的抗生素有39.34%进入养殖废水，60.66%进入养殖粪便，废水和粪便中抗生素的去除率分别为7.50%和8.15%；从排放去向看，土壤环境抗生素的负荷量明显高于水环境；2000—2014年，辽宁省畜禽养殖业抗生素排放总量呈逐年增加趋势，2015年略有下降，2017年出现明显下降，抗生素排放量主要受养殖数量影响；饲料"禁抗"情景可使抗生素排放量削减18.02%，改善废物资源化利用情景和加强废物末端治理情景抗生素排放量可分别削减13.05%和25.29%，全过程优化情景抗生素排放量可削减46.99%.
- Abstract：As an emerging environmental pollutant, antibiotics has become a research hotspot in the domestic and overseas. The substance flow analysis method was used to analyze the characteristics of antibiotics emission from livestock and poultry industry in Liaoning Province, where sulfonamides and tetracyclines were selected as the research objects. The scenario analysis was employed to compare various emission reduction paths. The results showed that the total consumption and emission of two antibiotics was 712 and 280 t in 2017, respectively. 39.34% of antibiotics in the excrement was emitted into cultivation wastewater, and the other 60.66% existed in cultivation feces. The removal rate of antibiotics in wastewater and feces was 7.50% and 8.15%, respectively. According to the emission direction, the load of antibiotics in the soil environment was significantly higher than that in the water environment. From 2000 to 2014 years, the total amount of antibiotics emitted from livestock and poultry industry exhibited an increase trend year by year. It had a slight decrease in 2015 and an obvious decrease in 2017. The antibiotics emission primarily depended on the amount of livestock and poultry. The antibiotics emission can be reduced by 18.02% under the scenario of fodder "banning antibiotics". The improvement of waste utilization and the enhancement of waste treatment led to the reduction of the antibiotics emission by 13.05% and 25.29%, respectively. The antibiotics emission can decrease by 46.99% under the whole-process optimization scenario.
