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特别选题：水质学技术前沿

摘要：轮胎磨损颗粒是环境中微塑料的主要来源之一，目前全球轮胎磨损颗粒的释放量在590万t·a^-1左右，约占海洋微塑料总量的15%.轮胎磨损颗粒产生于路面，通过雨水径流迁移，进而存在于路面、土壤、沉积物、水体、生物体等环境介质中.当前轮胎磨损颗粒的检测主要通过检测标记物来实现，因此，标记物的选择是关键.同时，轮胎磨损颗粒会通过吸附和浸出污染物产生污染，对人体和生物体都有一定的健康风险.对于环境中轮胎磨损颗粒的控制，最直接的方式就是在迁移路径中截留轮胎磨损颗粒和加速轮胎磨损颗粒的分解；而改进轮胎配方，降低磨损率可从源头减少轮胎磨损颗粒的释放.目前，人们对轮胎磨损颗粒的认识不足，检测方法还需要完善，其环境行为和风险评价也缺乏相关的研究.获得轮胎磨损颗粒从路面到海洋迁移的规律性认识，对于了解其生态风险和潜在污染问题十分重要.基于此，本文归纳总结了轮胎磨损颗粒的产生、检测方法、环境分布、潜在风险和缓解措施等方面的研究成果，分析了轮胎磨损颗粒研究今后应予以关注的方向.

Abstract：Tire wear particles (TWP) was regarded as an important source of microplastic in the environment. It's estimated the global emission of tire wear particles was about 590 million t·a^-1 and contributed 15% to the marine microplastic. TWP was generated on the roads and migrated to the environment matrix by runoff. It was detected in several environment media such as pavement, soil, water, sediment and organisms. The selection of markers was important because the determination of TWP was mainly achieved by detecting markers. The pollution of TWP was caused by adsorption and leaching of contaminants, which pose certain risk to human and organism. The direct ways to control TWP were intercept the particles during migration and accelerate the decomposition of TWP in the environment. Improved tire formulation could decrease the wear rate and reduce the emission of tire particles. At present, there are many study gaps such as TWP properties, detection methods, environmental fate and so on, which hampers assessing the risk of TWP in the environment. The generation, detection, occurrence, risk and mitigation were reviewed and several future research gaps were analyzed.