杨婕,赵天良,程叙耕,任芝花,孟露,何清,谭成好,朱燕,朱从祯,吴昭烨.2000—2019年中国北方地区沙尘暴时空变化及其相关影响因素[J].环境科学学报,2021,41(8):2966-2975
2000—2019年中国北方地区沙尘暴时空变化及其相关影响因素
- Temporal and spatial variations of sandstorm and the related meteorological influences over northern China from 2000 to 2019
- 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(No.91744209,42030612,41905014);中亚大气科学研究基金项目(No.CAAS201913);江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(No.KYCX21_0973)
- 杨婕
- 南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室, 气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室, 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 南京 210044
- 赵天良
- 南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室, 气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室, 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 南京 210044
- 程叙耕
- 福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福州 350117
- 孟露
- 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830002
- 何清
- 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830002
- 谭成好
- 1. 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室, 粤港澳环境污染过程与控制联合实验室, 广东省环境资源利用与保护重点实验室, 广州 510640;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
- 朱燕
- 南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室, 气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室, 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 南京 210044
- 朱从祯
- 南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室, 气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室, 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 南京 210044
- 吴昭烨
- 南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室, 气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室, 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 南京 210044
- 摘要:利用多年多源环境、气象和卫星遥感资料,从年代际、年际异常和气候变化的角度分析了21世纪以来中国北方地区沙尘暴的时空演化特征及其气象、植被变化的影响机理.结果表明:①2000—2013年中国北方地区沙尘暴年日数呈显著波动下降趋势,下降速率为1.1 d/10 a,2013年后呈微弱增长趋势.近40年来,春季沙尘暴日数占全年沙尘暴日数的平均占比为62%,但其逐年变化率明显下降(-7.3%/10 a),2010年后夏季沙尘暴日数的变化率则呈现上升趋势(12.4%/10 a),新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠地区沙尘暴的高发季节由春季逐渐向夏季扩展.②21世纪初中国北方地区沙尘暴发生频数明显下降,沙尘暴影响范围向塔克拉玛干沙漠南部地区收缩西移,戈壁沙漠在亚洲沙尘源区中的主体地位逐年下降,改变了中国北方地区沙尘暴的空间格局.③中国北方地区沙尘暴的区域性减少主要归因于平均风速与大风日数逐年下降(-0.1 m·s-1/10 a、-4.4 d/10 a)、年降水量显著增加(32.7 mm/10 a)及区域地表变绿.塔里木盆地南缘局地风速的升高是导致该地区沙尘暴多发的重要气象影响因素,而地表植被覆盖的增加是造成戈壁沙漠沙尘暴年日数显著下降的主要原因.
- Abstract:In this study, we used multi-source environmental-meteorological observation data in the past 40 years from 1980 to 2019 to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of sandstorms in northern China and the changes of meteorology and vegetation cover from the perspective of interdecadal and interannual anomalies and climate change. The results show that: ①the average number of sandstorm days in northern China had been fluctuating with a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2013, and increasing from 2013 to 2019. In the nearly 40 years, the average proportion of sandstorm days in spring to annual sandstorm days was 62% with the significantly declining trend in the interannual of springtime sandstrom, and but the change rate of summertime sandstorm days after 2010 has shown an upward trend. The high incidence season of sandstorm in Taklamakan Desert extended gradually from spring to summer. ②Since the beginning of this century, the range of sandstorm days in the whole Northwest China has shown an obviously downward trend. The spatial distribution of sandstorm days in northern China has been shrinking westwards since 2000, and the dominant position of the Gobi Desert in the Asian dust source region had been decreasing year by year, which has changed the spatial pattern of sandstorms in northern China; ③ The temporal and spatial variations of sandstorm days in northern China is closely attributed to the decreases of average wind speed and gale days, the significant increase of annual precipitation and the increase of vegetation cover with the greenness and wetness of the land surface in northern China. The increase in near-surface wind speed in the southern margin of the Tarim Basin was an important meteorological factor for the frequent occurrence of sandstorms in this area, and the increase in surface vegetation coverage could be the main reason for the significant decrease in the sandstorms days in the Gobi Desert.