• 关键词：船舶  大气污染物  排放量  排放因子  实测

• 基金项目：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）（No.XDA23010303）；国家自然科学基金（No.41673116，41571130031，21607056）；广州经济技术开发区国际科技合作项目（No.2018GH08）

• 何俊杰
• 1. 广东省广州生态环境监测中心站, 广州 511400

• 陈鸿展
• 1. 广东省广州生态环境监测中心站, 广州 511400

• 陈俊文
• 1. 广东省广州生态环境监测中心站, 广州 511400

• 吴振锋
• 2. 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所, 广州 510640

• 张艳利
• 2. 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所, 广州 510640

• 王新明
• 2. 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所, 广州 510640

• 李梅
• 3. 暨南大学质谱仪器与大气环境研究所, 广州 510632;4. 广东省大气污染在线源解析系统工程技术研究中心, 广州 510632

• 吴海宁
• 5. 广州海事局, 广州 510260

• 摘要：于2017年3月—2018年5月在广州市南沙港区选取不同吨位的5艘船舶进行登船实测,建立了基于燃油消耗的排放因子.结果表明,船舶辅机CO₂排放因子为(3085±439)~(3195±121) g·kg^-1,CO排放因子为(5.50±1.33)~(26.10±8.90) g·kg^-1,TVOC排放因子为(0.29±0.02)~(1.68±0.06) g·kg^-1,PM_2.5排放因子为(0.56±0.09)~(12.50±3.11) g·kg^-1,NO_x排放因子为(19.20±4.12)~(83.30±11.80) g·kg^-1,基于燃油消耗量,估算2017年广州港船舶停泊工况辅助发动机SO₂、CO、TVOC、PM_2.5和NO_x排放总量分别为736、(794±209)、(46.40±2.39)、(223.0±49.4)和(3237±698) t.船舶引擎功率对排放CO、TVOC和PM_2.5影响显著,引擎功率较低的船舶以上3种大气污染物排放因子更高.从吨位而言,≥10000总吨的船舶对SO₂、CO、TVOC和NO_x 4种大气污染物的排放分担率均超过50%,≤2999总吨的船舶则对PM_2.5的排放分担率最高.从船舶类型而言,分担率最高的是集装箱船,分别占SO₂、CO、TVOC、PM_2.5和NO_x排放总量的43.8%、30.8%、41.4%、16.3%和40.9%,此外,散货船、其他货船、顶推拖船和油船对排放量的分担率也较高,以上5种船舶占到了各类大气污染物排放总量的90%.

• Abstract：In order to investigate the fuel-based emission factors (EFs) of ships, on-board measurements of air pollutants from auxiliary engines had been carried out on five ships at berth in the Guangzhou Nansha port from March 2017 to May 2018. The results showed that fuel-based EFs of CO₂, CO, TVOC, PM_2.5 and NO_x were (3085±439)~(3195±121) g·kg^-1, (5.50±1.33)~(26.10±8.90) g·kg^-1, (0.29±0.02)~(1.68±0.06) g·kg^-1, (0.56±0.09)~(12.50±3.11) g·kg^-1 and (19.20±4.12)~(83.30±11.80) g·kg^-1, respectively. Based on such measured EFs, emissions of SO₂, CO, TVOC, PM_2.5 and NO_x from the auxiliary engines in Guangzhou port in 2017 were estimated to be 0, (794±209), (46.40±2.39), (223.0±49.4) and (3237±698) t, respectively. We then investigated the potential factors of EFs in the aspect of engine power, gross tonnage and ship type, and found that ships with the low engine power produced higher EFs of CO, TVOC and PM_2.5, indicating that the engine power was the decisive factor of the EFs. In addition, big gross tonnage ships (≥10000 GRT) contributed more than 50% of the total emissions of SO₂, CO, TVOC and NO_x, while small ships (≤2999 GRT) dominated the PM_2.5 emissions. Among different ship types, container ship was the largest contributor to all pollutants, accounting for 43.8%, 30.8%, 41.4%, 16.3% and 40.9% of SO₂, CO, TVOC, PM_2.5 and NO_x emission respectively. Furthermore, the other ship types including bulk cargo ships, other cargo ships, push tugs and oil tankers were the main source of these pollutants, all these five ship types emitting 90% of the total air pollutants into atmosphere.

• Key words：ships  air pollutants  emissions  emission factors (EFs)  on-board measurements

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