研究报告

  • 蔡竟芳,孙凯,张羽,李雨玲,姜帆,刘宣劭,沈一栾,阿斯哈,李红丽.凤眼莲入侵强度和水深对沉水植物生长及种间关系的影响[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(1):36-46

  • 凤眼莲入侵强度和水深对沉水植物生长及种间关系的影响
  • Effects of invasion intensity of Eichhornia crassipes and water depth on growth and interspecific relationships of submerged plants
  • 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(No.2015ZCQ-BH-01);国家重点研发计划(No.2021YFC2600405);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2017ZX07602-004-003) ;北京林业大学2019年校级大学生创新训练项目(No.X201910022150)
  • 作者
  • 单位
  • 蔡竟芳
  • 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083;北京林业大学黄河流域生态保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 孙凯
  • 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083;北京林业大学黄河流域生态保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 张羽
  • 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083;北京林业大学黄河流域生态保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 李雨玲
  • 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083;北京林业大学黄河流域生态保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 姜帆
  • 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083;北京林业大学黄河流域生态保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 刘宣劭
  • 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083;北京林业大学黄河流域生态保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 沈一栾
  • 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083;北京林业大学黄河流域生态保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 阿斯哈
  • 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083;北京林业大学黄河流域生态保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 李红丽
  • 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083;北京林业大学黄河流域生态保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 摘要:凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)是世界百大入侵植物之一,因其入侵扩展蔓延速度快,从而对原生湿地生态系统造成巨大破坏.目前关于凤眼莲入侵扩散机制已有一定研究,但关于在不同水深梯度下凤眼莲入侵强度对沉水植物生长及种间关系影响的研究相对空白.因此,本研究以入侵植物凤眼莲和两种常见的沉水植物黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum)为研究对象,探究在不同的水深(0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00、1.50 m)和不同的沉水植物定植方式(单种种植和混合种植)下,凤眼莲的不同入侵强度(无入侵、轻度入侵、严重入侵)对沉水植物的影响.结果表明,凤眼莲入侵让黑藻的适宜水深变浅.凤眼莲轻度入侵时可以促进狐尾藻生长,严重入侵时则会抑制狐尾藻生长.凤眼莲轻度入侵可以降低水体总磷,严重入侵时会增加水体总氮.当凤眼莲无入侵或轻度入侵时,若水深适宜生长,沉水植物间则相互竞争;若水深不适宜生长,沉水植物间则相互促进.当凤眼莲严重入侵时,若水深适宜生长或不适应生长但较浅时,沉水植物种间关系由相互竞争转变为相互促进;若水深不适应生长且较深时,沉水植物间则再次表现为相互竞争.此外,结构方程模型表明凤眼莲入侵及水深、总氮等水体理化性质的增加对沉水植物生长均有显著负面影响,且水体理化性质对沉水植物生长的影响更大.总而言之,凤眼莲入侵改变了黑藻生长的适宜水深,影响了狐尾藻的生长;且在不同水深条件下,凤眼莲入侵强度的增加会改变沉水植物的种间关系.研究结果可为凤眼莲入侵管理及湿地沉水植被的恢复与重建提供一定的理论基础和技术支撑.
  • Abstract:Water hyacinthEichhornia crassipes) is a common invasive plant in China. Because of its capacity of rapid invasion and spread, E. crassipes is a great threat to natural wetland ecosystems. At present, there are many researches on the invasive mechanism of E. crassipes, but studies on the impacts of invasion intensity on the growth and interspecific relationship of submerged plants under different water depths are rare. In this study, we investigated the impacts of the invasive intensity on the growth of two common submerged plants (Hydrilla verticillata and Myriophyllum verticillatum) under five water depths in control experiment. We designed three invasion intensities (0, 25% and 75% coverage corresponding to non-invasion, mild invasion and severe invasion, respectively), two planting modes (single and mixed plantation), and five water depths (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.50 m). The results showed that the invasion of E. crassipes made the suitable water depth for the growth of H. verticillata shallower. The mild invasion of E. crassipes promoted the growth of M. verticillatum, while severe invasion inhibited the growth of M. verticillatum. The mild invasion of E. crassipes reduced total phosphorus level in water column, while severe invasion increased total nitrogen concentrations in water column. Moreover, under the treatments of non and mild invasion, the submerged plants competed with each other under the suitable water depth, but interspecific relationship became mutualistic when they grew in not suitable water depth. Under the treatment of severe invasion, the interspecific relationship of submerged plants became mutualistic from competitive. However, when growing in not suitable and deep-water depth, the interspecific relationship of the submerged plants was competitive. In addition, the results of structural equation modelling showed that the invasion of E.crassipes and water properties had significant negative impact on the growth of submerged plants, and water properties had greater impact than invasion. In conclusion, the invasion of E. crassipes changed the suitable water depth of H. verticillata and affected the growth of M. verticillatum. Under different water depths, the increase of invasion intensity of E.crassipes changed the interspecific relationship of submerged plants. These results provided the theoretical basis and technical support for the invasion management of E.crassipes and the restoration of submerged vegetation in wetlands.

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