研究报告
张心茹,曹茜,季舒平,陈浩,张廷靖,刘建.气候变化和人类活动对黄河三角洲植被动态变化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(1):56-69
气候变化和人类活动对黄河三角洲植被动态变化的影响
- Quantifying the contributions of climate change and human activities to vegetation dynamic changes in the Yellow River Delta
- 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(No.2017YFC0505905);国家自然科学基金项目(No.32071523)
- 曹茜
- 中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院, 武汉 430074
- 刘建
- 山东大学环境研究院, 青岛 266237;山东大学黄河国家战略研究院, 青岛 266237
- 摘要:黄河三角洲是我国暖温带最完整、面积最大的湿地生态系统,其植被变化对于黄河三角洲生态功能和生态安全具有重要意义.本研究基于植被覆盖度(fractional vegetation cover, FVC)、叶面积指数(leaf area index, LAI)、净初级生产力(net primary productivity, NPP)3个生态参数,分析了2000-2017年黄河三角洲地区植被的动态变化,并以NPP为指标量化分析了气候变化和人类活动对植被生产力的贡献.研究发现,2000-2017年黄河三角洲FVC(Slope = 0.004,p<0.05)、LAI(Slope = 0.011,p<0.05)、NPP(Slope = 3.54 g·m-2·a-1,p<0.01)呈显著增加趋势,说明2000-2017年黄河三角洲植被生长状况趋好、植被生产力提高.气温、降水和太阳总辐射对植被NPP变化的贡献分别为0.006
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、0.81、-0.03 g·m-2·a-1,即降水对植被NPP变化的贡献最大,这主要是因为黄河三角洲的主要土地利用类型为耕地,受降水影响大,当地土壤具有盐碱化风险,降水可以补充淡水资源并改善土壤条件,有利于植被生长.气候变化和人类活动对植被NPP变化的贡献分别为0.79、2.75 g·m-2·a-1,说明人类活动对黄河三角洲植被变化的贡献占主导地位.2000-2017年黄河三角洲耕地面积与植被NPP(>200 g·m-2·a-1)呈显著正相关(p=0.01),黄河三角洲植被生产力提高与农业快速发展密切相关.本研究有助于理解气候变化和人类活动对三角洲植被动态变化的影响,并为黄河三角洲及其它河口三角洲的植被恢复和生态系统管理提供科学依据.
- Abstract:The Yellow River Delta serves as the most complete and largest wetland ecosystem in the warm temperate zone of China, and its vegetation changes are of great significance to the ecological function and security of estuarine wetlands. This study elaborates the vegetation dynamic changes of the Yellow River delta based on fractional vegetation cover (FVC), leaf area index (LAI), and net primary productivity (NPP) over 2000-2017. We used NPP as an indicator to quantitatively analyze the contribution of climate change and human activities to vegetation productivity. We found that the values of FVC (Slope=0.004, p<0.05), LAI (Slope=0.011, p<0.05), and NPP(Slope=3.54 g·m-2·a-1, p<0.01)of the Yellow River Delta showed a significant increasing trend from 2000 to 2017, which indicated the improved vegetation growth and productivity during this period. The contribution of temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation to NPP changes were 0.006, 0.81 and -0.03 g·m-2·a-1, respectively. Precipitation replenishes freshwater resources for cultivated land, which is the main land-use type of the Yellow, and also alleviates the risk of local soil salinization. Therefore, precipitation contributed the most to vegetation NPP changes in this study. The contribution of climate change and human activities to vegetation NPP changes were 0.79 g·m-2·a-1 and 2.75 g·m-2·a-1, respectively, indicating the great impacts of human activities to vegetation changes of the Yellow River Delta. There existed a significant positive correlation between cultivated land area and vegetation NPP in the Yellow River Delta from 2000 to 2017(p=0.01), which revealed the close connection between the increase of vegetation productivity and the rapid development of agriculture. This study helps to understand the impact of climate change and human activities on vegetation dynamic changes of the estuarine-Delta, and provides a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecosystem management in the Yellow River Delta and other estuarine deltas.