研究报告
智烈慧,李心,马田田,谢旭,李晓文,吴继文,白军红,崔保山.辽河三角洲土地利用变化轨迹、驱动过程及生态系统服务时空演变[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(1):141-150
辽河三角洲土地利用变化轨迹、驱动过程及生态系统服务时空演变
- The spatiotemporal evolution of land use trajectories， drivers and the ecosystem services in Liao River Delta in the past four decades
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（No.31770576）；国家重点研发计划（No.2017YFC0505906）；河北省研究生示范课程建设项目（No.KCJSX2019065）
- 作者
- 单位
- 智烈慧
- 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875;河北工程大学，地球科学与工程学院，邯郸 056038
- 李心
- 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875
- 马田田
- 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875
- 谢旭
- 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875
- 李晓文
- 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875
- 吴继文
- 湖北省国有林场工作站，武汉 430079
- 白军红
- 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875
- 崔保山
- 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875
- 摘要：辽河三角洲位于“辽宁沿海经济带”，拥有重要的自然保护区和保存完好的大面积芦苇沼泽和以盐地碱蓬为主的潮间带盐沼，栖息着多种濒危物种.1980年以来，农业开发、水产养殖、油气开采活动加剧，使得该区域生态环境发生巨变.本研究分析了1980—2010年，辽河三角洲土地利用时空变化轨迹及驱动过程，并应用 InVEST 模型模拟了碳储存、生境质量、水质净化3种生态系统服务的时空变化，在此基础上进一步分析了土地利用变化与生态系统服务的关系.研究结果表明：辽河三角洲地区土地利用变化以围垦、修复、淤积3种驱动为主，社会经济驱动主导，自然驱动明显.碳储量和生境质量呈下降趋势，而水质净化功能波动变化.土地利用和生态系统服务相关性表明湿地可以提供较高水平的3种生态服务功能，而生态服务功能低的区域则多与建设用地重合.在规划保护区或实施保护性修复措施时，应优先考虑3种生态系统服务的高价值区域，以实现高效、经济的生态环境保护.
- Abstract：The Liaohe River Delta （LRD） are characterized with its vast area of tidal salt marsh， which functions as one of the most important endangered waterbirds habitat and provides enormous ecosystem services along the coastline of China. In the past four decades， the socioeconomic activities associated with regional landuse development have been conducted and intensified， leading a substantial change in coastal environments， particularly the rapid loss and degradation of natural coastal wetlands and their ecosystem services. Therefore， there is an urgent need to clarify the effects of those landuse on the coastal ecosystem of the LRD， and to mitigate the adverse ecological impacts of those socioeconomic activities. In this study， we first analyzed the spatiotemporal variation and its driving processes of the land use in the LRD from 1980 to 2010， and used the InVEST model to simulate the spatiotemporal changes in those key ecosystem services of the coastal wetlands of the LRD （i.e.， carbon storage， habitat quality， and water purification）. The spatiotemporal correlations between the variations of land use trajectories and ecosystem services were further measured. The results indicated that the trajectories of land use change in the LRD were dominated by three types of driver， i.e.， land reclamation， coastal wetland restoration and estuary sedimentation， showing the combined effects of anthropogenic and natural processes. The ecosystem services of carbon storage and habitat quality both presented degrading trends， while the ecosystem service of water purification fluctuated over the time. The correlation between land use trajectories and the changes in ecosystem services implied that the coastal wetlands can provide greater ecological services than that of human-induced landuse， particularly compared with the constructed land. Our research also demonstrated the need to identify the hotspots with greater and multiple ecosystem services for conservation and restoration to achieve best cost-efficiency for ecological and socioeconomic benefits.
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