研究报告
杨萌,胡明明,杨腾,张力伟,王清睿,袁树堂,巴卓,夏星辉.高海拔水电水库温室气体的排放特征—以雅鲁藏布江藏木水库为例[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(1):188-194
高海拔水电水库温室气体的排放特征—以雅鲁藏布江藏木水库为例
- Greenhouse gas emissions from high-altitude hydropower reservoir—An example of the Zangmu reservoir on the Yarlung Tsangpo
- 基金项目：国家重点研发项目（No.2017YFA0605001）； 国家自然科学基金重点项目（No. 52039001， 92047303）
- 作者
- 单位
- 杨萌
- 北京师范大学环境学院，北京 100875
- 胡明明
- 中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所，北京 100038
- 杨腾
- 北京师范大学环境学院，北京 100875
- 张力伟
- 北京师范大学环境学院，北京 100875
- 王清睿
- 北京师范大学环境学院，北京 100875
- 袁树堂
- 云南省水文水资源局，昆明 650106
- 巴卓
- 西藏自治区水文水资源勘测局昌都水文水资源分局，昌都 854000
- 夏星辉
- 北京师范大学环境学院，北京 100875
- 摘要：水电水库是大气温室气体的重要来源，在一定程度上影响着区域气候变化.然而目前关于水库温室气体排放的估算仍然存在很大的不确定性，一方面原因是缺失了世界各地山区水库的数据，另一方面原因是未将受水库影响的上下游河道考虑在内.本研究重点关注雅鲁藏布江流域水电水库——藏木水库丰枯水期CO2、CH4和N2O的溶存浓度与扩散通量的时空分布规律.时间上，夏季丰水期的温室气体溶存浓度和扩散通量均高于冬季枯水期.空间上，CO2和CH4表现出上下游河道高于库区，库区的库前、库尾高于库中；但N2O的沿程变化趋势不明显.剖析了3种温室气体时空分布差异产生的原因.相比于我国其他湖库江河，藏木水库及其上下游河道的温室气体扩散通量偏低.但是由于巨大的水库面积补偿了通量较低的“短板”，藏木水库温室气体扩散排放总量以全球增温潜势合计约为106.4 Gg·a-1（以CO2计），占雅鲁藏布江温室气体扩散排放总量的31.5%.本研究结果表明，不仅要将高山水库纳入全球水库温室气体排放清单中，而且还要考虑受水库影响的上下游河道在水电系统温室气体排放中的作用.
- Abstract：Hydroelectric reservoirs are pivotal sources of greenhouse gases （GHGs） to the atmosphere that may influence regional climate change to some extent. However， present emission estimates from reservoirs remain large uncertainties， partly due to data paucity in mountain regions with a large freshwater surface area，and/or the exclusion of emissions from channels up- and downstream of reservoirs. Here， we determined simultaneously CO2， CH4 and N2O concentrations and their diffusive fluxes in the Zangmu reservoir on the Yarlung Tsangpo during high- and low-water periods. Seasonally， GHG concentrations and diffusive fluxes in wet season were greater than those in dry season. Spatially， up- and downstream channels had higher CO2 and CH4 concentrations than the reservoir， up- and downstream transects of the reservoir also had more CO2 and CH4 concentrations than pelagic zone in midstream transects of the reservoir. Nevertheless， spatiality was minor for N2O along the flow direction. We also explained the reasons for spatiotemporal patterns of the three GHGs. Compared with other lentic and lotic systems across China， diffusive GHG fluxes were generally low in the Zangmu reservoir and its up- and downstream channels. Given the huge surface area compensates for low fluxes， upscaling these fluxes to the Zangmu reservoir gave a diffusive GHG emission of 106.4 Gg·a-1， accounting for 31.5% of diffusive GHG emission of the entire Yarlung Tsangpo. Consequently， we recommend the inclusion of high-altitude reservoirs into global reservoir GHG inventories， and also considerating the role of up- and downstream channels that affected by reservoirs in the reservoir-wide systems.
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