• 关键词：土壤重金属  空间分布  污染溯源  主成分分析  克里金插值  兴趣点（POI）  潜在生态危害指数

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41301509）

• 郭晗
• 山东建筑大学测绘地理信息学院，济南 250101

• 孙英君
• 山东建筑大学测绘地理信息学院，济南 250101

• 王绪璐
• 山东建筑大学测绘地理信息学院，济南 250101

• 张丽平
• 山东建筑大学测绘地理信息学院，济南 250101

• 梅宇昂
• 山东建筑大学测绘地理信息学院，济南 250101

• 刘庆豪
• 山东建筑大学测绘地理信息学院，济南 250101

• 王琦
• 山东建筑大学测绘地理信息学院，济南 250101

• 摘要：近几十年来重金属污染一直是土壤生态领域备受关注的热点问题.临清市以“中国棉纺织名城”、“中国轴承之乡”等称号著称全国，并且拥有较为完备的集群式、园区化工业体系.但目前关于临清市土壤重金属污染的空间分布特征、溯源和生态危害的相关研究还较少.因此，本研究对临清市研究区域内 251个点位表层土壤的As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Hg和Pb 8种重金属元素进行采集和总量测定，采用相关性分析、主成分分析、克里金插值和风险分析方法，分析了土壤重金属空间分布特征和污染来源，进一步结合文献资料、地理要素和工企业等兴趣点（POI）数据分析了其污染过程.结果表明：①土壤中8种重金属元素都存在不同点位、不同程度的超标，除Cu、Pb外的其他6种重金属元素的平均值均超过山东省背景值.其中，Hg为高变异性，Cd为中等变异性，Hg和Cd的超标率均接近100%.②As、Zn、Ni、Cr、Cu、Pb元素在部分区域出现轻微点源式污染和沿河流方向的带状污染.其中，As元素主要与化肥厂和煤炭燃烧有关；Zn、Ni、Cr污染区域与Cd高值区域形状相似，其污染主要来源于钢铁（轴承）的制造与加工、纺织与服装印染；Hg污染最为严重，高值区以城区为中心向东南多触角延伸，主要与电气仪表制造业及使用氯碱工艺的造纸业、纺织业有关.③Hg元素危害风险较高，Cd元素危害风险一般，其余6种重金属为无风险，整体生态风险较低.应该对Hg、Cd元素造成的土壤污染加强监管与修复.

• Abstract：Heavy metal pollution has been a focus in soil ecology in recent decades. Linqing City is well-known throughout the country as "Chinese cotton textile city" and "Chinese bearings town"， with a relatively complete group-type and park-type industrial system. However， currently， few studies on the spatial distribution characteristics， sources， and ecological hazards of soil heavy metal pollution in Linqing City exist. Here， eight heavy metal elements （As， Cd， Cr， Cu， Zn， Ni， Hg， and Pb） in the surface soil of 251 sites in the study area of Linqing City were collected and measured. Then， the spatial distribution characteristics and sources of the eight soil heavy metals were analyzed by using correlation analysis， principal component analysis， Kriging interpolation， and risk analysis. Finally， the pollution process was further analyzed by combining literature， geographical elements， and point of interest （POI） data. The results revealed the following： ①The eight heavy metal elements in the soil all exceeded the standard to varying degrees at different sites， and the average values of the other six elements except Cu and Pb all exceeded the background values in Shandong Province. Wherein， Hg and Cd presented high and medium variability， respectively， and the over-standard rates of them were close to 100%. ②As， Zn， Ni， Cr， Cu and Pb appeared slight point-source pollution and banding pollution along the river in some areas. As element is mainly related to fertilizer plants and coal combustion. The pollution areas of Zn， Ni， and Cr are similar in shape to the areas with high-value areas of Cd， and the pollution mainly comes from the manufacturing and processing of steel （Bearings）， textile， and garment dyeing. Hg pollution is the most serious， and the high-value area extends in multiple directions to the southeast with the urban area as the center， which is mainly related to the electrical instrument manufacturing industry， as well as the paper-making and textile industries using Chlor-alkali processes. ③Hg and Cd present a higher and a general hazard risk， respectively， while the other six heavy metals are risk-free. The overall ecological risk of the study area is low. Therefore， supervision and remediation of soil pollution caused by Hg and Cd elements should be strengthened.

• Key words：soil heavy metals  spatial distribution  pollution sources  principal component analysis  Kriging interpolation  point of interest（POI）  potential ecological hazard index

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