研究报告
张翎,王远见,夏星辉.水库建成与运行对温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(1):298-307
水库建成与运行对温室气体排放的影响
- Influence of reservoir construction and operation on greenhouse gas emission
- 基金项目：国家重点研发计划（No.2017YFA0605001）；国家自然科学基金重点项目（No.52039001）；国家自然科学基金（No.42041004）；河南省优秀青年科学基金（No.519202300410540）
- 作者
- 单位
- 张翎
- 黄河水利科学研究院，郑州 450003;水利部黄河下游河道与河口治理重点实验室，郑州 450003
- 王远见
- 黄河水利科学研究院，郑州 450003;水利部黄河下游河道与河口治理重点实验室，郑州 450003
- 夏星辉
- 北京师范大学环境学院，北京 100875
- 摘要：碳中和是全球控制增温效应的主要手段，而准确估算碳排放是预测气候变化与实现碳中和的重要环节.水库是温室气体的重要排放源，由于受人为活动及水库运行方式的影响，水库温室气体排放量估算存在许多不确定性.本研究总结了水库主要温室气体（CH4、CO2和N2O）的产生与排放过程，重点分析了水库温室气体产生与排放的主要影响因素，包括水库库龄、位置和大小及有机物、温度、溶解氧、流速、水深和风速等；并通过分析水库建成前后水文情势的改变，探讨了水库建成对温室气体排放的可能影响.在此基础上，进一步提出未来水库温室气体排放有待研究的4个方面：水库系统扩散及冒泡通量的时空异质性、水库不同区域温室气体排放的差异性、多沙河流水库温室气体排放规律、水库建成前后温室气体排放情况对比，从而为更全面地评估水库温室气体排放提供依据.
- Abstract：Carbon neutrality is the main measure to mitigate global warming， and accurate estimation of carbon emissions is a prerequisite for predicting climate change and achieving carbon neutrality. Reservoir is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. However， due to the influence of human activities and reservoir operation， large uncertainties exist in the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs. This study summarized the production and emission processes of major greenhouse gases （GHGs， including CH4， CO2 and N2O） in reservoirs. The main influencing factors have been analyzed， including age， location and size of reservoirs， and temperature， organic matter， dissolved oxygen， flow rate， wind speed， and water depth. Possible impact of reservoir construction on greenhouse gas emission is discussed by analyzing the change of hydrological regime before and after the construction of reservoirs. In addition， four aspects have been proposed for future studies on greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs： ①The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the diffusion and ebullition fluxes of GHGs in reservoir system； ②The spatial difference in greenhouse gas emissions within reservoirs； ③The pattern of greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs with high sediment concentrations； ④The comparison of the greenhouse gas emission before and after the construction of the reservoir， which provides the basis for a more comprehensive assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs.
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