• 关键词：氮磷污染  风险分区  潜在非点源污染指数模型  输出系数法  北沙河上游流域

• 基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（No.2017ZX07102，2017ZX07102-001）

• 于佩丹
• 北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083

• 张守红
• 北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083;山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，临汾 042200;北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心，北京 100083

• 李华林
• 北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083

• 宋卓远
• 北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083

• 叶芝菡
• 北京市水科学技术研究院，北京 100048

• 常国梁
• 北京市水科学技术研究院，北京 100048

• 摘要：非点源污染是全球水环境污染治理面临的严峻挑战之一，氮（N）、磷（P）污染是非点源污染重要的组成部分，解析N、P污染风险空间分布特征是非点源污染治理的关键.本研究以北沙河上游流域为例，采用输出系数法综合估算区域不同土地利用类型、畜禽养殖和居民生活的N、P污染负荷，将其视为污染源因子指标以替代潜在非点源污染指数（Potential Non-point Pollution Indicator，PNPI）模型中的土地利用指标，利用改进后的PNPI模型解析该流域N、P污染风险空间分布特征.结果表明：①研究区N、P污染风险皆呈东南部居民区高、西北部山区低的空间分布特征；②P污染主要源自居民生活，N污染主要源自土地利用输出，各土地利用类型中耕地输出的N、P污染量最多；③N、P污染极低风险区面积占比最大，面积占比分别为59%和56%，极高风险区面积占比最小，分别为5%和3%.研究结果有望为北沙河上游流域非点源N、P污染防治提供依据，为流域综合治理提供参考.

• Abstract：Non-point source pollution is one of the severe challenges for global water pollution control， and nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） pollutions are important components of non-point source pollution. Therefore， detecting spatial distribution of N and P pollution risks is critical for non-point source pollution control. In this study， the export coefficient method was employed to assess pollution loads of both N and P from various sources， including land use， livestock breeding and residents living， and the pollution loads were treated as pollution source factor to replace the land use indicator in the Potential Non-Point Pollution Indicator （PNPI） model. The revised PNPI was applied to simulate the spatial distribution of N and P pollution risk in the upper Beisha River basin. The results show that： ①Both of N and P pollution risk is high in the southeast residential areas and low in the northwest mountainous areas. ②Pollution of P mainly comes from residents living， and the N pollution mainly comes from land use. Among all the types of land-use， cultivated land is the main source for N and P pollution. ③The areas of the extremely low-risk of N and P pollution regions account for the largest proportion， i.e.， 59% and 56%， respectively. The areas of the extremely high-risk of N and P pollution regions account for the smallest proportion， i.e.， 5% and 3%， respectively. The results provide basic information to support N and P pollution control in the upper Beisha River basin as well as a reference for the integrated management of this basin.

• Key words：N/P pollution  risk zoning  PNPI model  the export coefficient method  the upper Beisha River basin

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