• 关键词：平原河网区  富营养化指数  氮磷比  污染来源  控制对策

• 基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项 （No.2017ZX07206-001-03）

• 马迎群
• 中国环境科学研究院， 水环境管理研究室， 北京 100012

• 曹伟
• 中国环境科学研究院， 水环境管理研究室， 北京 100012

• 赵艳民
• 中国环境科学研究院， 水环境管理研究室， 北京 100012

• 时瑶
• 中国环境科学研究院， 水环境管理研究室， 北京 100012

• 秦延文
• 中国环境科学研究院， 水环境管理研究室， 北京 100012

• 刘志超
• 中国环境科学研究院， 水环境管理研究室， 北京 100012

• 杨晨晨
• 中国环境科学研究院， 水环境管理研究室， 北京 100012

• 摘要：本文以嘉兴市北部湖荡区为典型研究区域，通过现场调研、来源分析等，揭示了平原河网区水体富营养化状态，明确了水污染主要成因，并提出控制对策.研究结果显示，北部湖荡区总磷、高锰酸盐指数、五日生化需氧量、化学需氧量、总氮、氨氮等各污染物含量呈现显著的时空分布特征，西部片区水质较东部片区差，5月水质较9月差（总磷除外）；富营养化评价结果显示北部湖荡区水体总体呈现出富营养化状态，一定条件下存在发生水华的风险，氮磷是影响水体富营养化的主要因素；农业源、城市径流污染源等面源以及沉积物内源等是造成北部湖荡区水污染的主要成因.据此本文提出嘉兴市北部湖荡区水污染治理应遵循“内外源削减兼顾、生态修复并重”的原则，在削减内外源污染输入的同时，加大水生态修复工程建设力度，提高水生态综合管理能力，探索推进全流域、上下游协同治理，最终达到流域水质水生态全面改善.

• Abstract：Field investigation was conducted in northern lacustrine areas of Jiaxing City to clarify the water eutrophication characteristics and pollution sources of typical plain river network， and control strategies were proposed accordingly. The results showed that pollutant concentrations in northern lacustrine areas of Jiaxing City exhibites significant temporal and spatial variations. Generally， water pollution in western part of northern lacustrine areas was more serious than that in eastern part， and except for TP， concentrations of COD_Mn， BOD₅， COD， TN and NH₄⁺-N in samples in May， 2018 were higher than those in Sept.， 2018. Results of eutrophication index assessment showed that water in northern lacustrine areas of Jiaxing City displayed eutrophication status， and may lead to algae blooms under certain environmental conditions. Totally， agricultural non-point sources， urban non-point source， and sediment were the major sources for pollutants in northern lacustrine areas of Jiaxing City， and pollutant control for both internal-external pollution sources and ecological restoration projects should be concerned when considering the water pollution in plain river network. Meanwhile， in order to achieve the healthy aquatic ecosystem in the whole basin， the building of regulatory capacity and regime system for local environmental agencies and the reinforcement of collaborative governance between upstream areas and downstream areas should also be considered.

• Key words：Plain river network  eutrophication index  total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratios  pollution sources  control strategy

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