研究报告
项硕,王磊,王红,刘俊萍,马晓雁.杭州市水源切换对饮用水中DBPs分布影响及其健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(2):195-204
杭州市水源切换对饮用水中DBPs分布影响及其健康风险评价
- Occurrence of disinfection by-products in tap water and the relevant health risk evaluation affected by water source switching in Hangzhou City
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（No.51678527）；浙江省自然科学基金项目（No. LY19E080019）
- 作者
- 单位
- 项硕
- 浙江科技学院土木与建筑工程学院，杭州 310023;浙江工业大学环境学院，杭州 310014
- 王磊
- 浙江工业大学土木工程学院，杭州 310014
- 王红
- 浙江工业大学土木工程学院，杭州 310014
- 刘俊萍
- 浙江工业大学土木工程学院，杭州 310014
- 马晓雁
- 浙江工业大学土木工程学院，杭州 310014
- 摘要：千岛湖配水工程改善了杭州市的供水水质，水源由钱塘江为主转变为千岛湖外调水源为主.以供水管网末端龙头为调查对象，考察了水源切换前后饮用水中消毒副产物（disinfection by-products，DBPs）的构成特征，并对DBPs存在水平的致癌和非致癌风险进行了对比分析.结果表明供水管网终端龙头水在水源切换后水质明显改善，有机物指标DOC平均值降低13.40%，UV254平均值下降23.53%；龙头水中常检出THMs、HANs和HAAs，由9种减少为8种，DBPs总量减少32.02%；TCM、BDCM、DBCM、DCAN和DCAA中位浓度由5.51、6.63、3.37、1.06、2.96 μg·L-1降低为5.31、2.71、1.30、0.61、2.47 μg·L-1；同源热水中常检出的DBPs由8种减少为6种，DBPs总量变化不大，HAAs构成比例增加，THMs比例减小.杭州市水源切换前后龙头水中THMs的致癌风险和非致癌风险由27.65×10-6±1.94×10-11和（6.39±0.0256）×10-2降低为10.54×10-6±3.12×10-11和（3.21±0.0293）×10-2.HAAs致癌风险和非致癌风险分别由8.23×10-6±5.69×10-12和（0.64±0.0013）×10-2降低为4.92×10-6±8.64×10-12和（0.18±0.0041）×10-2；水源切换后THMs致癌风险峰值降低了42%，DBPs总致癌风险峰值降低了24%；DCAN和BCAN的细胞毒性由699.72×10-6±2.72×10-8和220.47×10-6±1.52×10-8降低为421.72×10-6±6.04×10-8和127.18×10-6±1.97×10-8，DCAN和BCAN的细胞毒性峰值分别降低了23%和10%.
- Abstract：The Qiandao Lake source water transmission project aimed to improve the quality of water supplied to the population in Hangzhou through switching the main source water from the Qiantang River to the Qiandao Lake. The water quality and the specific composition of disinfection by-products （DBPs） in tap water before and after the source water change were investigated， as well as the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of DBPs. Results showed that the switch to Qiandao Lake as the source water significantly improved tap water quality in the water supply pipe network that provides drinking water to Hangzhou. Indicators of water quality significantly improved including the average dissolved organic carbon（DOC）， which decreased by 13.40%， and the average UV254，which decreased by 23.53%. Both DOC and UV254 are indicators of DBP precursors and formation potential， and thus their decrease would be associated with decreased formation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic DBPs. Our results confirm a decrease in the number of commonly detected THMs， HANs and HAAs in tap water from 9 to 8 DBP species， and the total concentrations of DBPs in tap water was reduced by 32.02%. The median decreased in concentrations of the main DBPs， including TCM， BDCM， DBCM， DCAN， and DCAA， were from 5.51， 6.63， 3.37， 1.06 and 2.96 μg·L-1 to 5.31， 2.71， 1.30， 0.61 and 2.47 μg·L-1， respectively. The species of commonly detected DBPs decreased from 8 to 6 in the hot water obtained from the same tap water pipe in the network. The total DBP concentrations in hot water demonstrated little difference because the proportion of HAAs increased and the proportion of THMs decreased. After the switch to Qiandao Lake as the water source， the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of THMs were reduced from 27.65×10-6±1.94×10-11 and（6.39±0.0256）×10-2 to 10.54×10-6±3.12×10-11 and（3.21±0.0293）×10-2， respectively. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of HAAs were reduced from 8.23×10-6±5.69×10-12 and（0.64±0.0013）×10-2 to 4.92×10-6±8.64×10-12 and（0.18±0.0041）×10-2， respectively. The peak value of carcinogenic risk of THMs was reduced by 42%， and the peak value of total carcinogenic risk of all DBPs was reduced by 24%. The cytotoxicity of DCAN and BCAN were reduced from 699.72×10-6±2.72×10-8 and 220.47×10-6±1.52×10-8 to 421.72×10-6±6.04×10-8 and 127.18×10-6±1.97×10-8， respectively. The peak cytotoxicity of DCAN and BCAN were reduced by 23% and 10%， respectively. Through switching to Qiandao Lake， the final tap water quality in the network was improved as it has lower concentrations of TCM， BDCM， DBCM， DCAN， and DCAA.
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