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研究报告

基金项目：海南省科研院所技术开发项目（No.R100030.203.Q63685）；海南岛典型热带河流生物多样性研究项目（No.R100030.203.Q63687）；中国科学院青年创新促进会项目（No.2021339）

摘要：河流微塑料污染近年来受到广泛关注.南渡江作为海南省最大的河流，其微塑料污染现状和潜在影响因素值得进一步研究.基于此，本研究对南渡江从源头到河口区的水体微塑料状况进行了调查.结果显示，南渡江水体微塑料丰度处于90~850 个·m^-3水平，在全国和世界范围内总体处于较低水平.南渡江微塑料污染总体呈现从上游到下游递增的趋势，但在河口区受到潮汐影响区域表现出不同变化趋势.纤维类、大粒径及透明微塑料占比较高.聚丙烯、人造纤维素和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯是南渡江主要检出的聚合物类型.从丰度、形状、粒径和颜色等角度综合考率，大气沉降、地表径流冲刷输入和城市污水排入可能是影响南渡江微塑料的主要原因.总体而言，南渡江微塑料污染总体较轻，但仍明显受到了区域内人类活动的影响.未来，在做好禁塑工作的同时，有必要进一步限制塑料垃圾的产生，做好塑料替代品的研发工作，并采取适当的措施对重点区域入河塑料污染物进行控制.

Abstract：Microplastic pollution in the river has aroused the widespread attention in recent years. In this study， the occurrence of microplastics in the water column of the Nandu Jiang River， which is the largest river in Hainan Province， was investigated from the headwater region to the estuary area. The abundance of microplastics in the water column of the Nandu River ranged from 90 items·m^-3 to 850 items·m^-3， which was low comparing with the data of other rivers and lakes in China and abroad. The microplastics abundances in the Nandu Jiang River showed an increasing trend from upstream to downstream but showed a different pattern in the estuary area due to tidal influence. Fibrous， large size， and transparent microplastics accounted for a higher proportion of microplastics in the water. Polypropylene， synthetic cellulose， and polyethylene terephthalate were the main types of polymers identified. According to the abundance， shape， particle size， and color， atmospheric deposition， surface runoff input， and urban sewage discharge might be the major sources of microplastics in the river water. In general， the level microplastic pollution in the Nandu Jiang River is relatively low， but it is still necessary to further enhance the management of plastic wastes， investigate and develop plastic substitutes， and take appropriate measures to control the entering of plastic waste into the river.