特别选题
李本行,杨东翰,郑一江,张立秋,封莉,刘永泽,曲丹,樊维杰,韩冬青.水温变化期“溞草共建”系统对沙河水库水质与底泥净化效能的中试研究[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(3):65-74
水温变化期“溞草共建”系统对沙河水库水质与底泥净化效能的中试研究
- Pilotscale experiment on the purification efficiency of water quality and sediment of Shahe Reservoir by Daphnia magna-submerged aquatic plants system in the period of water temperature change
- 基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（No.2017ZX07102-002）
- 作者
- 单位
- 李本行
- 北京林业大学北京市水体污染源控制技术重点实验室，北京 100083;北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院，北京 100083
- 杨东翰
- 北京林业大学北京市水体污染源控制技术重点实验室，北京 100083;北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院，北京 100083
- 郑一江
- 华电水务科技股份有限公司，北京 100160
- 张立秋
- 北京林业大学北京市水体污染源控制技术重点实验室，北京 100083;北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院，北京 100083
- 封莉
- 北京林业大学北京市水体污染源控制技术重点实验室，北京 100083;北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院，北京 100083
- 刘永泽
- 北京林业大学北京市水体污染源控制技术重点实验室，北京 100083;北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院，北京 100083
- 曲丹
- 北京林业大学北京市水体污染源控制技术重点实验室，北京 100083;北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院，北京 100083
- 樊维杰
- 北京市昌平区水务局，北京 102200
- 韩冬青
- 北京市昌平区水务局，北京 102200
- 摘要：针对北京市沙河水库水体环境自净能力弱、水质较差等问题，通过构建“溞草共建”系统进行中试实验，研究水温变化期，水深对大型溞和沉水植物生长状况以及“溞草共建”系统对水库水体和底泥污染物去除的影响.结果表明，系统运行前期，大型溞生长发育正常；但是系统运行后期，水温降低，大型溞的生理活动将被抑制，并产生休眠卵甚至死亡.3种沉水植物对水深的适应能力表现为：金鱼藻＞黑藻＞狐尾藻；对水温的适应能力表现为：黑藻＞金鱼藻＞狐尾藻.系统运行前期，水体透明度、叶绿素a含量以及COD、NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP的去除率均随着大型溞的投加和沉水植物长势渐好而逐渐增加，但系统运行后期，以上指标均随着大型溞和沉水植物的死亡而逐渐降低.系统运行前期，组合系统对底泥污染物具有较好的去除效果，底泥中有机质、TN、TP的去除率分别可以达到8.7%、6.2%和19.3%.系统运行后期，底泥有机质、总氮、总磷含量逐渐上升.本研究可为北京市再生水补给河湖水库的水生态修复及其“溞草共建”系统构建提供理论支撑和技术指导.
- Abstract：To settle the problems of weak environmental self-purification capacity and inferior waterbodies quality of Shahe Reservoir in Beijing， a pilot experimental facility composed by Daphnia magna-submerged macrophytes system was developed. The effects of water depth on the growth of Daphnia magna and submerged aquatic plants and the effects of contaminants removal in waterbodies and sediments of reservoir were studied. The results showed that the growth of Daphnia magna was normal in the prophase of system operation， while the physiological activities of Daphnia magna would be inhibited in anaphase of system operation， and dormant eggs would be produced， or even die. The adaptability of the three submerged plants to water depth was as follows： Hydrilla verticillata （Linn. f.） Royle > Myriophyllum verticillatum L. > Ceratophyllum demersum L..While the adaptability to water temperature was as follows： Myriophyllum verticillatum L. > Hydrilla verticillata （Linn. f.） Royle > Ceratophyllum demersum L..In the earlier stage of system operation， the water transparency， content of chlorophyll a and COD， and the removal rate of NH4+-N， NO3--N， TN， and TP were increased with the inoculation of Daphnia magna and the growth of submerged plants， while the above indicators are gradually reduced with the death of Daphnia magna and submerged plants in the late stage of system operation. The combined system has a good removal efficiency to sediment pollutants in earlier stage， and the removal rates of organic matter， TN and TP reach 8.7%， 6.2% and 19.3%， respectively. While the contents of organic matter， TN and TP in sediment increased gradually in stage. The results have important theoretical support and technical guidance for the water ecological restoration and the construction of Daphnia magna-submerged macrophytes syste of the river， lake， and reservoirs supplied by regenerated water in Beijing.
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