• 关键词：水质理化指标  生物多样性  指示生物群落  生态环境评价

• 基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目（No.2017ZX07102-002）；国家自然科学基金（No.52070192， 51778618）

• 于亚男
• 北京市海淀区圆明园管理处，北京 100084

• 亓畅
• 中国人民大学环境学院，北京 100872

• 黄越
• 中国农业大学园艺学院，北京 100083

• 陈炜
• 北京大学生命科学学院，北京 100871

• 程荣
• 中国人民大学环境学院，北京 100872

• 郑祥
• 中国人民大学环境学院，北京 100872;北京市可持续城市排水系统构建与风险控制工程技术研究中心，北京 100044

• 摘要：为了解圆明园水环境生态和生物多样性现状，掌握圆明园生态修复区长期恢复状况，于2017年对圆明园水系末端长春园开展水质、大型水生植物、蜻蜓目（Odonata）昆虫、鱼类（Piscium）和软甲动物（Malacostraca）的调查.结果表明：圆明园经过园区内水生生物群落的净化作用，水质基本达到地表Ⅲ类~Ⅳ类水体标准，属于轻度富营养化状态；在修复区玉玲珑馆水域，除COD外，TN、TP含量并未与10年前发生明显变化；圆明园共发现28种蜻蜓目昆虫，包括极度濒危物种低斑蜻（Libellula angelina Selys），以及涉及不同生活型的19种水生植物；软甲动物和鱼类群落的优势种群明显.圆明园生物群落丰富度较高，轮藻（Charophyceae）、高体鳑鲏（Rhodeus ocellatus （Kner））等作为长春园优势种的指示生物也表明其生态环境较好.水质对水生植物群落结构的影响较大，pH和DO是两个主要的影响因素.调查结果对圆明园管理特别是湖泊生态修复工作具有重要的指导意义.

• Abstract：In order to explore the current situation of aquatic ecosystem and biodiversity and understand the long-term restoration status of the ecological restoration in Yuanmingyuan Park， water quality， large aquatic plants， Odonata insects（Odonata）， fish （Piscium） and Malacostraca（Malacostraca）in Changchun Garden， the end of the Yuanmingyuan water system， were investigated in 2017. The results showed that， purified by aquatic biota， the water quality of Yuanmingyuan Park reached classes III and IV of Environmental quality standards for surface water and was considered as mild eutrophication Except for COD， TN and TP in the waterbody of Yulinglongguan in the restoration area did not change significantly since 10 years ago. A total of 28 species of Odonata， including Libellula Angelina Selys， a critically endangered species， and 19 species of aquatic plants， were found in Yuanmingyuan Park. Malacostraca and fishes were dominant organism. The biome richness in Yuanmingyuan Park is high， and Charophyceae （Charophyceae） and Rhodeus ocellatus （Rhodeus ocellatus （Kner））， as indicators， are the dominant species in Changchun Garden. This indicates that the ecological environment has been improving. Water quality has great influence on aquatic plant community structure and pH and DO are the two main factors. This survey provides a scientific basis for better ecological restoration of lakes in Yuanmingyuan Park.

• Key words：physical and chemical indexes of water quality  biodiversity  indicator biome  ecological environment assessment

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