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专论与综述

基金项目：国家重点研发计划（No. 2017YFE0121900）；环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室联合基金（No. 18Y01ESTCT）；环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室专项经费（No.21Y01ESPCP）

摘要：作为新兴污染物，微塑料的生态和环境影响受到广泛关注.本文以近十年发表的文献为基础，系统分析和综述了土壤微塑料与微生物的相互作用关系.分析结果发现微塑料与微生物存在复杂的相互作用关系，例如微塑料携带外源微生物进入土壤环境，并通过释放添加剂和吸附物对土壤微生物产生影响，且微塑料通过改变土壤理化性质、土壤动物肠道微生物和植物根际微生物间接改变土壤微生物，包括改变土壤微生物的生物量、群落结构和功能，此外，土壤微生物对微塑料的降解也起到了一定的作用.基于这些分析结果，文章还展望了未来应该深入研究的关键科学问题，旨在促进土壤微塑料对生态系统和健康影响评估研究.

Abstract：The emergence of microplastics （i.e. particles ranging from 0.1 μm to 5 mm） has become one of the greatest scientific and policy concerns due to their elevated adverse ecological effects. Via reviewing the literatures in the past decades， we systematically estimated the relationship between microplastics and soil microorganisms. The results showed that① microplastics can introduce exogenous microorganisms into soil environments and affect soil microorganisms by releasing additives and adsorbents； ② microplastics may indirectly affect soil microorganisms via changing soil physicochemical properties， soil animal intestinal microorganisms and plant rhizosphere microorganisms. In addition， soil microorganisms played a vital role in the degradation of microplastics. In this current study， we posed several key scientific issues that should be further studied， which may potentially promote the research on the impact assessment of microplastics in soil ecosystem and health.