研究报告
周刚,徐晨烨,沈忱思,刘树仁,刘艳彪,李方.微塑料在淀山湖水环境的污染分布、组成特征和生态风险[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(4):214-224
微塑料在淀山湖水环境的污染分布、组成特征和生态风险
- Distribution, composition and ecological risks of microplastics in surface water of the Dianshan Lake
- 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(No.22006010);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(No.2232019D3-23)
- 周刚
- 东华大学,环境科学与工程学院,上海 201620
- 徐晨烨
- 东华大学,环境科学与工程学院,上海 201620
- 沈忱思
- 东华大学,环境科学与工程学院,上海 201620
- 刘树仁
- 浙江大学,环境与资源学院,杭州 310058
- 刘艳彪
- 东华大学,环境科学与工程学院,上海 201620
- 李方
- 东华大学,环境科学与工程学院,上海 201620
- 摘要:河流和湖泊是微塑料从陆地向海洋传输的重要渠道,是受人类活动和物质运输影响的重要区域.为研究微塑料在淀山湖地表水中的赋存特征和潜在风险,对淀山湖18个采样点表层水的微塑料丰度、形态、粒径、颜色和聚合物类型进行分析.结果显示,表层水中微塑料的丰度为575~5375 n·m-3,平均为(1960±1085) n·m-3.位于近生活区采样点的微塑料丰度((2490±1260) n·m-3)显著高于风景区((1540±1280) n·m-3)和农田区((1170±430) n·m-3),另外,出湖口采样点的微塑料丰度((3570±2160) n·m-3)显著高于入湖口((2120±580) n·m-3)及其他位置((1500±730) n·m-3),表现出明显的空间分布差异.纤维是最常见的微塑料形态(88.04%);小粒径(<0.5 mm)及黑色微塑料占据主导地位,分别占比56.42%及57.86%;聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene terephthalate,PET)是最主要的聚合物类型,占比72.85%,其次为聚乙烯(Polyethylene,PE,11.90%)和聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP,3.81%).不同采样点微塑料的形态-粒径-颜色-聚合物赋存特征可指示其潜在污染来源(纺织品的洗涤、渔业活动及农用地膜使用).与长江口其他研究相比,淀山湖地表水微塑料的污染风险处于轻微水平(污染负荷指数PLIZONE<1),但这些微塑料会通过黄浦江-长江口排入东海,由此带来的生态风险是持续且积累的,需要进行长期的监测.该研究评估了淀山湖水域的微塑料污染现状,为补充水生生态系统中的微塑料潜在风险提供了科学依据.
- Abstract:Rivers and lakes played an important role in microplastics transmission from land to the sea, which is significantly affected by human activities and economical development. To explore the occurrence and potential risks of MPs in the surface water of the Dianshan Lake, 18 site points of water samples for Dianshan Lake were placed, with comparing the compositions and distributions of abundance, shape, size, color and polymer types. The abundance of MPs ranged from 575~5375 n·m-3 with an average value of (1960±1080) n·m-3. MPs from sites near the living areas exhibited significantly higher concentrations than those from scenic spots and farming areas. Significant abundance discrepancies were also found that ordered: outlet > inlet > other sites. Riverine runoff was considered as a vector factor for transporting MPs. Fibers attributed 88.04% of of total population in shape, and black-colored and small-sized (<0.5 mm) MPs presenting major proportions in morphological distributions. The predominant polymer identified was given to polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 72.85%), followed by polyethylene (PE, 11.90%), and polypropylene (PP, 3.81%). The polymer-shape-size-color configurations indicated different potential sources (textile washing, aquaculture activity and plastic mulching film). Although the pollution load index indicated a moderate pollution level of MPs risk in the surface water compared with other studies in the Yangtze Estuary, the flux of MPs reaching the Huangpu River deserves long-term monitoring at the tidal limit of rivers. The results estimated the MPs contamination in the lake and served as a significant step towards filling the literature gap of MPs potential risks in freshwater ecosystems.