• 关键词：机动车污染  福建省  高速公路  排放清单  疫情

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目（No.31971639）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（No.41701552）；福建省自然科学基金面上项目 （No.2019J01406）

• 邹泽耀
• 福建农林大学交通与土木工程学院，福州 350108

• 郑鑫程
• 福建农林大学交通与土木工程学院，福州 350108

• 徐崇敏
• 福建农林大学交通与土木工程学院，福州 350108

• 曾晓莹
• 福建农林大学交通与土木工程学院，福州 350108

• 邱荣祖
• 福建农林大学交通与土木工程学院，福州 350108

• 林森
• 福建农林大学交通与土木工程学院，福州 350108

• 王占永
• 福建农林大学交通与土木工程学院，福州 350108

• 胡喜生
• 福建农林大学交通与土木工程学院，福州 350108

• 摘要：机动车排放污染物已经成为大气污染的重要来源.基于福建省高速公路交通流量数据，采用自下而上的计算方法建立了2020年1—7月福建省高速公路机动车高分辨率污染物排放清单.结果表明，受疫情影响，福建省高速公路月均车流量和污染物排放量呈先下降后上升的 变化趋势，4月污染物排放量达到最低，5月污染物排放量又迅速恢复到疫情前的排放水平，其中，疫情中期污染物CO、HC、NO_x、PM_2.5和PM₁₀排放较疫情后期分别减少了90.68%、89.06%、92.58%、89.58%和89.63%.在整个研究期内，不同城市高速公路机动车污染物排放的分担率有所不同，泉州、福州和漳州的高速公路机动车排放分担率较高；从车型来看，小型客车和轻型货车是CO和HC的主要贡献车型，NO_x和PM主要来自重型货车和轻型货车；从燃料类型来看，汽油车是CO和HC的主要贡献源，柴油车则对NO_x和PM贡献突出；从排放标准来看，国三和国四车对各项污染物的贡献率最大.各项污染物空间分布一致，排放高值区位于东部沿海地区路段，西部内陆的高速路段的排放水平相对较低.从 福建省高速公路机动车NO_x排放强度空间分布来看，3、4月各路段的排放强度均处于极低水平，从空间分布上看，沈海高速路段的机动车NO_x排放强度最高.沈海高速厦门和泉州段的机动车污染人口暴露水平较高，其他路段人口暴露水平较低.

• Abstract：Pollutants emitted from motor vehicles have become an important source of air pollution. Based on the traffic flow data of the expressways in Fujian Province， a high-resolution pollutant emission inventory of the expressways from January to July in 2020 was established by the bottom-up calculation method. The results show that under the influence of the COVID-19， the monthly average traffic flow and pollutant emissions of the expressways in Fujian province decreased firstly and then increased. Pollutant emissions reached the lowest in April， and quickly recovered to the pre-COVID-19 emission level in May. The pollutant emissions of the CO， HC， NO_x， PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in the middle stage of the COVID-19 decreased by 90.68%， 89.06%， 92.58%， 89.58% and 89.63%， respectively， compared with those in the post stage of the COVID-19. In the entire study period， different cities have different sharing rates of the pollutant emissions from motor vehicles， with Quanzhou， Fuzhou and Zhangzhou having higher motor vehicle emission sharing rates on the expressways. In terms of the vehicle types， the small passenger buses and the light trucks are the main contributors for CO and HC， and the heavy trucks and the light trucks are the main contributors for NO_x and PM. In terms of the fuel types， the gasoline vehicle is the main source of CO and HC， and the diesel vehicle is the main source of NO_x and PM. In terms of the emission standards， vehicles with China 3 and China 4 have the largest contribution rate to various pollutants. However， the spatial distribution of various pollutants is consistent， with the higher level emissions in the eastern coastal expressways， while the lower level emissions in the western inland expressways. From the spatial distribution of NO_x emission intensity of Expressways in Fujian Province， the emission intensity of each section in March and April was at a very low level. Taking the main emission of the motor vehicle： NO_x as a case， the Shenyang-Haikou Expressway section has the highest NO_x emission intensity. Moreover， the Xiamen and Quanzhou sections of Shenyang-Haikou Expressway have relatively high exposure levels of motor vehicle pollution， while other sections have relatively low exposure levels.

• Key words：motor vehicle pollution  Fujian Province  expressway  emissions inventory  COVID-19

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