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专论与综述

The source， fate and risk analyses of pathogenic microorganisms in the water bodies fed by reclaimed water

摘要：我国北方地区，以污水处理厂出水等非常规水源补给为主的河/湖逐渐成为城市群下游河流的主导类型；以污水处理厂尾水为补给水源的湿地公园近年来亦大量涌现.在节约城市用水、改善生态环境的同时，污水所携带的病原体对环境安全和人类健康带来潜在的威胁.为评估水环境病原微生物污染的健康风险，深入了解水体中病毒的类型以及病毒污染与环境因素之间的关系，认识病原微生物在水环境系统中的迁移轨迹、人暴露风险点及暴露途径具有重要的意义.针对典型再生水补给型水体存在的公共卫生安全问题，借鉴同时探索污水流行病学方法，并结合微生物定量风险评估（QMRA）分析，通过“污染-风险评价-风险预警”的流程，可以实现病原微生物污染全过程风险管理，为城市水环境的管理和良性运行提供理论支撑.

Abstract：In northern China， rivers and lakes that are mainly fed by unconventional water sources such as wastewater treatment plants effluent， have gradually become the dominant type of urban landscape water bodies. Wetland parks fed by wastewater treatment plants effluent have also emerged in large numbers in recent years. While saving urban water consumption and improving the ecological environment， the pathogens carried by wastewater pose a potential threat to environmental safety and human health. In order to assess the health risks of pathogenic microorganism contamination in the aquatic environment， it is necessary to identify the types of viruses in the water body and understand the relationship between virus contamination and environmental factors. It is also of great significance to comprehend the migration trajectory of pathogenic microorganism in water environment system， human exposure risk and exposure routes. To explore public health problems associated with typical water bodies fed by reclaimed water， sewage epidemiology was combined with quantitative microbial risk assessment （QMRA）. Through the process of “pollution - risk assessment - risk early warning” can be realized to achieve risk management of pathogenic microorganism contamination to implement complete pathogenic microorganisms risk management. The study provides scientific basis for the management and operation of urban water environment.

Key words：quantitative microbial risk assessment sewage epidemiology uncertainty analysis