研究报告
熊梓旭,许潇锋,潘诗娴,饶永才,罗天阳,杨语迪.“一带一路”沿线非洲7个典型城市的气溶胶光学特征时空分布研究[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(7):9-21
“一带一路”沿线非洲7个典型城市的气溶胶光学特征时空分布研究
- Aerosol optical properties over seven typical cities in Africa along the Belt and Road Initiative
- 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.42030612);徐州市重点研发计划(No.KC20057)
- 熊梓旭
- 南京信息工程大学,中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,南京 210044
- 许潇锋
- 南京信息工程大学,中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,南京 210044
- 潘诗娴
- 南京信息工程大学,中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,南京 210044
- 罗天阳
- 南京信息工程大学,中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,南京 210044
- 杨语迪
- 南京信息工程大学,中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,南京 210044
- 摘要:利用AERONET(Aerosol Robotic Network)的长期观测数据,分析了“一带一路”沿线非洲地区7个典型城市气溶胶的光学和微物理特性及其年际和季节变化特征,包括气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、波长指数(AE)、单次散射反照率(SSA)、粒子谱分布、气溶胶吸收光学厚度(AAOD)、 主要气溶胶类型、辐射强迫(ARF)及其效率(ARFE)等.结果表明:非洲地区AOD和AE虽然年变化趋势不显著,但其南北区域均值差异十分明显,北部地区的平均AOD(0.47)高于南部(0.18),而AE则正好相反,分别为0.55和1.38. AOD和AE表现出显著的季节变化特征,非洲北部和 南部的AOD均在春季最高,分别为0.58和0.27,而在秋季最低,分别为0.36和0.12;非洲北部的AE值在秋季最高(0.63),春季最低(0.36),南部的AE值则在春季最高(1.51),夏季最低(1.09).各站年平均AAOD为0.03~0.05;AAOD冬季最大(0.04~0.10),夏季最低(0.02~0.05).从秋季到冬季,非洲各站点SSA均有明显下降趋势,平均值从0.91下降至0.87.DAK站(Dakar)的夏、冬季分别出现SSA的最高、最低值.从气溶胶类型来看,非洲北部地区以粗模态的沙尘型气溶胶为主,南部地区以细模态的生物质燃烧型气溶胶为主.气溶胶辐射强迫计算表明,整层ARF的范围为22.26~70.82 W·m-2,其中,ILO站(Ilorin)对大气的加热作用最大.此外,以细粒子为主的非洲南部大气底部ARFE高于以沙尘为主的北部, 平均值分别为-217.76和-161.91 W·m-2.
- Abstract:Based on the long-term observation datasets observed by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), the climatic characteristics of aerosol optical and microphysical properties at the seven typical sites over Africa along the Belt and Road Initiative were presented. The aerosol optical properties, including aerosol optical depth (AOD), ?ngstr?m exponent (AE), single scattering albedo (SSA), volume size distribution, aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD), dominant types, aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and its efficiency (ARFE), are analyzed over northern and southern Africa. The results show that although the annual trends of AOD and AE in Africa are not significant, the differences of regional means are remarkable. The average AOD in the northern part (0.47) is significantly higher than that in the southern (0.18). For AE, it is opposite, showing the averages of 0.55 and 1.38 for the north and the south, respectively. It shows remarkable seasonal variation features for AOD and AE in Africa. The maximum (minimum) of AOD appears in spring (autumn) in both the northern and the southern Africa, with the averages of 0.58 (0.36) and 0.27 (0.12), respectively. In northern Africa, AE shows the highest (0.63) in autumn, while the lowest (0.36) in spring. Differently, the AE of the southern Africa achieves the highest (1.51) and the lowest (1.09) in spring and summer, respectively. The annual means of AAOD range from 0.03 to 0.05, with the maximums (0.04~0.10) in winter and the minimums (0.02~0.05) in summer. The seasonal SSAs decrease significantly from autumn to winter at all sites, showing the averages declining from 0.91 down to 0.87. Among the seven sites, the highest and lowest values of SSA occur respectively in summer and winter at DAK station (Dakar). The desert dust is the dominant aerosol type in the northern Africa, while the fine mode aerosol of biomass burning is the dominator in the southern Africa. For the direct radiative forcing of aerosol, the ARFs of the whole atmosphere range from 22.26~70.82 W·m-2, with the largest heating effect at the site of ILO (Ilorin). At the bottom of the atmosphere, the ARFE of the southern Africa, where dominated by the fine particles, is higher than that of the northern Africa, where dominated by the dust, with the averages of -217.76 and -161.91 W·m-2, respectively.