研究报告
张娅洁,朱亮.生物质炭覆盖对太湖沉积物-水界面氮磷迁移与转化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(8):246-259
生物质炭覆盖对太湖沉积物-水界面氮磷迁移与转化的影响
- Effects of biochar covering on the migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus at the sediment-water interface in Taihu Lake
- 基金项目：国家基金中美合作课题（No. 51961125101）；国家水专项任务（No. 2018ZX07208-009）
- 作者
- 单位
- 张娅洁
- 浙江大学环境与资源学院，杭州 310058
- 朱亮
- 浙江大学环境与资源学院，杭州 310058
- 摘要：沉积物内源释放极易造成浅水富营养化湖泊的二次污染问题.选取3种生物质炭（果壳生物炭、藻泥生物炭、污泥生物炭）对太湖沉积物进行覆盖模拟实验，利用营养通量模型计算沉积物-水界面的氮磷释放通量，探讨不同生物质炭对沉积物内源释放与菌群演替的影响.结果表明，果壳炭对沉积物TN和NH4+-N平均释放通量削减百分比最高，分别为56.8%±0.1%和71.7%±0.1%；藻泥炭对沉积物NO3--N平均释放通量的削减百分比最高，为83.6%±0.6%；污泥炭则对沉积物的TN、NH4+-N和NO3--N平均释放通量均有显著削减，且TP平均释放通量比果壳炭和藻泥炭分别减少50.4%±0.1%和8.0%±0.3%.同时，覆盖污泥炭的沉积物中微生物α多样性最高，且参与硝化反硝化和有机物降解的微生物Bacteroidetes和Chloroflexi丰度比对照组分别增加23.2%和20.5%.综上所述，污泥炭具有良好的富营养化湖泊沉积物修复潜力.
- Abstract：Endogenous release of sediment will cause the secondary pollution in shallow eutrophic lakes. In this study， three kinds of biochar （nutshell biochar， algae biochar and sludge biochar） were selected to cover the sediments from Taihu Lake for simulation experiments， the nitrogen and phosphorus levels at the sediment-water interface were calculated through the nutrient flux model， and the influence of different biochars on the endogenous release of sediment and the succession of microbial community were discussed. The results showed that nutshell biochar caused the highest decrease of the average release flux of TN and NH4+-N， which were 56.8%±0.1% and 71.7%±0.1% respectively. Algae biochar caused the highest decrease of the average NO3--N release flux， which was 83.6%±0.6%. The average release fluxes of TN， NH4+-N and NO3--N from the sediment to overlying water were significantly reduced by sludge biochar， and the average release flux of TP was reduced by 50.4%±0.1% and 8.0%±0.3% compared with nutshell biochar and algae biochar， respectively. At the same time，the microbial alpha diversity was the highest in the sediments covered by the sludge biochar. The abundances of Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi， which are involved in nitrification and denitrification and organic matter degradation， increased by 23.2% and 20.5% with the control group. In summary， sludge biochar has good potential for eutrophic lake sediment remediation.
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