研究报告
艾佳臻,杜显元,王新伟,蔡婷,黄志斌,邢雨菲.原油胶质对石油烃生物降解作用的响应与降解研究[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(8):381-389
原油胶质对石油烃生物降解作用的响应与降解研究
- Degradation and response of resin to biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oil
- 基金项目：石油石化污染物控制与处理国家重点实验室开放课题（No.PPC2020014）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.41403067）
- 作者
- 单位
- 艾佳臻
- 石油石化污染物控制与处理国家重点实验室，北京 102246;中国石油大学（北京）化学工程与环境学院，北京 102249
- 杜显元
- 石油石化污染物控制与处理国家重点实验室，北京 102246
- 王新伟
- 石油石化污染物控制与处理国家重点实验室，北京 102246;中国石油大学（北京）化学工程与环境学院，北京 102249;中国石油大学（北京）油气污染防治北京市重点实验室，北京 102249
- 蔡婷
- 中国石油大学（北京）油气资源与探测国家重点实验室，北京 102249
- 黄志斌
- 中国石油大学（北京）化学工程与环境学院，北京 102249
- 邢雨菲
- 中国石油大学（北京）化学工程与环境学院，北京 102249
- 摘要：石油烃类生物降解产物形成胶质的过程与胶质的再降解过程交织，增加了原油生物转化过程的复杂度.以往对胶质组分辨识不足，使地表环境下石油污染物的稠化机制阐释薄弱及生物修复效率难以提高.本文利用从稠油污泥中筛选到的石油降解菌威尼斯不动杆菌（Acinetobacter venetianus）进行了原油混合物与胶质单族组分的生物降解模拟实验，利用傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT-ICR MS）测定胶质组分，按照氧原子数量进行分类，聚焦氧原子数量为O2类极性化合物在石油烃生物降解过程中的响应变化及再转化机制，进一步揭示胶质组分的好氧生物降解作用机理.研究发现：在威尼斯不动杆菌（Acinetobacter venetianus）降解作用下，20、40及60 d不同时段原油饱和烃的总降解率分别为36.02%、43.46%和52.84%，其中正构烷烃、三环萜烷、藿烷、甾烷和二环倍半萜烷类化合物均有降解；60 d时芳烃中萘、菲、芴、联苯及三芳甾烷系列化合物的降解率分别为56.58%、63.46%、49.84%、59.47%及40.69%，生物降解明显；原油混合物及胶质单族组分中O2类化合物变化复杂，形成与降解同步发生，脂肪酸和单环环烷酸随着时间延长明显增加；类异戊二烯酸、饱和脂肪酸、1~3环环烷酸、藿烷酸及多环环烷酸或芳香酸均为原油混合物中饱和烃及芳烃生物降解产物对于胶质组分的贡献，也是原油中O2类极性组分对饱和烃及芳烃类生物降解作用的响应.石油烃形成的高碳数和低碳数酸均可源源不断进入胶质组分中，使原油的碳循环过程与生物修复过程更加复杂.因此，提高原油重质组分中胶质的生物修复效率是突破原油生物修复效率瓶颈的关键.
- Abstract：The formation of resins from biodegradation products of petroleum hydrocarbon is accompanied by the re-degradation of resins， which increases the complexity of crude oil biotransformation process. Due to the insufficient identification of resins， the thickening mechanism of petroleum pollutants in surface environment is weak and the bioremediation efficiency is difficult to improve. In this study， biodegradation experiment of crude oil and resins was performed using an oil-degrader Acinetobacter venetianus isolated from the heavy oil sludge. The resin components were classified according to the number of oxygen atoms by determining with fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry （FT-ICR MS）. The aim of this study is to study the response and transformation mechanism of O2 class polar compounds （oxygen atom number=2） in the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and to further reveal the aerobic biodegradation of resins. Results showed that the total degradation efficiencies of saturated hydrocarbons at 20， 40 and 60 d were 36.02%， 43.46% and 52.84% respectively. N-alkanes， tricyclic terpenes， hopane compounds， sterane compounds and bicyclic sesquiterpenes were degraded. At 60 d， the degradation rates of naphthalene， phenanthrene， fluorene， biphenyl and triaromatic steranes were 56.58%， 63.46%， 49.84%， 59.47% and 40.69%， respectively. The transformation and biodegradation of O2 class occurred simultaneously， which complicated the degradation of crude oil and resins. Fatty acids and monocyclic naphthenic acids increased significantly during the biodegradation. Isopentadienoic acid， saturated fatty acid， naphthenic acid with 1~3 rings， hopanic acid and polycyclic naphthenic acid or aromatic acid are all the contributions of the biodegradation products of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons to resins， and also the response of O2 class to saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Both the high carbon number and low carbon number acids formed by petroleum hydrocarbons can continuously enter into resins， making the carbon cycle and bioremediation process of crude oil more complicated. Therefore， improving the bioremediation efficiency of resins is the key to break through the bottleneck of crude oil bioremediation.
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