• 关键词：沙尘暴  蒙古气旋  输送路径  污染浓度  潜在源  中国北方地区  HYSPLIT 模式  浓度权重轨迹分析法（CWT）

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41975066）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金博士基金（No.2020BS03046）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金（No.2020MS04020，2021MS04019）；中国农业科学院草原研究所基本科研业务费专项项目（No.1610332020015）

• 张璐
• 国防科技大学气象海洋学院，长沙 410000;内蒙古自治区气象台，呼和浩特 010051

• 宋桂英
• 内蒙古自治区气象台，呼和浩特 010051

• 范凡
• 中科三清科技有限公司，北京 100029

• 吴昊
• 内蒙古自治区气象干部培训学院，呼和浩特 010051

• 邹逸航
• 内蒙古自治区气象台，呼和浩特 010051

• 周志花
• 内蒙古自治区气象台，呼和浩特 010051

• 张昕
• 中国人民解放军93719部队气象台，呼和浩特 010112

• 高韶勃
• 中国农业科学院草原研究所，呼和浩特 010010

• 摘要：2021年3月14—16日发生在北方地区的沙尘暴天气过程被认为是近10年来我国出现的最强过程.本文在对此次沙尘暴过程天气学特征分析的基础上，利用 HYSPLIT 模式和 GDAS 资料，运用潜在源贡献因子分析法（PSCF）和浓度权重轨迹分析法（CWT），探讨了气候变化背景下沙尘输送源与天气系统的配置关系及本次过程中沙尘污染物PM₁₀质量浓度的潜在源区分布及贡献.结果表明，此次过程由强烈发展的蒙古气旋及冷锋过境，高空槽后冷空气持续补充引起，中高层强斜压性使地面蒙古气旋强烈发展，大风卷扬起的沙尘随上升气流输送到高空，并在偏北大风引导下，影响了我国大范围地区.内蒙古东北部至河套地区的强涡度梯度带、500、700 hPa较高的强冷平流中心与下层的温度平流差异以及交替的上升下沉运动为本次北方地区大范围沙尘暴过程提供了动力、热力及不稳定度条件.本次沙尘天气过程中，影响呼和浩特、北京的沙尘传输通道主要为北偏东路，影响银川的沙尘传输通道为西北路和北路，过程受多沙源传输通道影响.萨彦岭、蒙古国南部戈壁沙漠为本次沙尘天气PM₁₀的主要潜在源区，传输过程中混合内蒙古沙源地沙尘.总体来说，蒙古国南部戈壁沙漠对本次过程PM₁₀质量浓度的贡献最大.

• Abstract：The sandstorm weather process， considered to be the strongest in China in the past 10 years， occurred in the northern China from 14th to 16th， March 2021. Its synoptic characteristics were analyzed in this paper. GDAS data and the HYSPLIT model were used to explore the configuration relationship between the sand source and the weather system under the background of climate change. The potential source area distribution and contribution of the sand and dust pollutant PM₁₀ mass concentration in this process were also calculated. The principal methods utilized in this paper were the potential source contribution factor analysis method （PSCF） and the concentration weighted trajectory analysis method （CWT）. Our results showed that this process was caused by a strong Mongolian cyclone with a cold front passing through the border and the continuous supply of cold air behind the upper-altitude trough. The strong baroclinicity of the middle and upper layers in atmosphere caused the strong development of the Mongolian cyclone on the ground. The dust raised by the gale is transported to the upper air with the updraft， and under the guidance of the northerly upper air and ground gale， it affects most of the northern regions of China. The strong vorticity gradient zone from northeastern Inner Mongolia to the Hetao region， the temperature advection difference between the strong cold advection center and the lower layer at 500 and 700 hPa， and the alternating ups and downs provided the driving force， thermal and unstable conditions for the large-scale sandstorm process in the northern region. During this dusty weather process， the sand and dust transmission channels that affected Hohhot and Beijing were mainly from northeast path， and the sand and dust transmission channels that affected Yinchuan were mainly from northwest and north path. Therefore， the process was drived by the transmission channels of multiple sand sources. The Sayan Mountains and the Gobi Desert in southern Mongolia are the main potential source areas of PM₁₀ during this dusty weather process， mixing the sand and dust from Inner Mongolia. In general， the PM₁₀ mass concentration in this process was mainly governed by the the Gobi Desert in southern Mongolia.

• Key words：sandstorm  Mongolian cyclone  transportation route  pollution concentration  potential source  northern China  HYSPLIT model  concentration weighted trajectory analysis method （CWT）

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