研究报告

  • 李婷婷,公福钱,赵芸程,崔浩然,曲松,许康利,王海斌,王亚洲,徐涛,樊守彬.北京道路尘负荷分布及对大气环境影响[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(10):138-146

  • 北京道路尘负荷分布及对大气环境影响
  • Silt loading distribution and its influence on atmospheric environment in Beijing
  • 基金项目:北京市科技计划项目(No.Z191100009119011)
  • 作者
  • 单位
  • 李婷婷
  • 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,北京 100037;国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京 100037
  • 公福钱
  • 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,北京 100037;国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京 100037
  • 赵芸程
  • 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,北京 100037;国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京 100037
  • 崔浩然
  • 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,北京 100037;北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室,北京 100124
  • 曲松
  • 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,北京 100037;国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京 100037
  • 许康利
  • 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,北京 100037;国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京 100037
  • 王海斌
  • 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,北京 100037;北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室,北京 100124
  • 王亚洲
  • 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,北京 100037;国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京 100037
  • 徐涛
  • 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,北京 100037;国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京 100037
  • 樊守彬
  • 北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,北京 100037;国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京 100037
  • 摘要:以北京平原地区铺装道路为研究对象,利用车载移动监测系统于2019年四季选择4个周期开展了道路尘负荷监测,分析数值分布及对大气环境影响.结果表明,道路频率在不同道路尘负荷范围内呈极显著的幂律分布,4个周期道路尘负荷小提琴图形状相似,存在部分道路数值显著高于其它道路.差道路与最清洁道路数值可相差100倍以上.各季节至少25%的道路数值在0.37 g·m-2以内,至少50%的道路数值在0.64 g·m-2以内,至少75%的道路数值在1.25 g·m-2以内.核心区、中心城区、郊区、通州区道路尘负荷依次增大,且均呈现春季最高秋季最低的特征,城六区冬季高于夏季,郊区夏季高于冬季.核心区整体较低,通州区北部高值较多.道路尘负荷越高的道路类型,数据离散程度也越大.随着道路扬尘管控力度的加大,不同类型道路的尘负荷差距减小.道路扬尘排放量核心区占全市3%,中心城区占23%,郊区占74%(其中通州区13%).排放强度为核心区、中心城区、环路、国道等交通活动密集的区域高,而这些区域或道路的尘负荷低.典型道路PM2.5影响距离主要在下风向1 km范围内,日均最大影响浓度为18.08~237.9 μg·m-3,且排放源强越大,影响浓度越高.
  • Abstract:To analyze silt loading distribution and its influence on atmospheric environment in Beijing, four time periods in 2019 were selected to monitor the silt loading of paved roads using vehicle-mounted monitoring system. Research shows that road frequency presents a very significant power-law distribution in different ranges, the violin plots of silt loading in four periods are similar in shape, and the values of some roads are significantly higher than others. The difference between poorest roads and cleanest roads can be more than 100 times. At least 25% of roads had values within 0.37 g·m-2, 50% within 0.64 g·m-2, and 75% within 1.25 g·m-2 in each season. The values of core area, central urban area (excluding core area), suburb and sub-center increased successively. It was the highest in spring and the lowest in autumn. The values of urban six districts were higher in winter than in summer, while winter was higher in suburbs. The values of the core area were low, and the northern of Tongzhou District had more high values. The higher the silt loading, the greater the dispersion degree. The silt loading gap between different roads types decreases. The core area of road fugitive dust emission accounted for 3%, the central urban area (excluding the core area) accounted for 23%, and the suburban area accounted for 74% (including 13% in the sub-center). The emission intensity is higher in areas with dense traffic activities such as core area, central urban area, ring road and national road, while the silt loading of these areas or roads are low. The influence distance of PM2.5 on typical roads is mainly within 1 km downwind direction, and the maximum daily influence concentration ranges from 18.08 to 237.9 μg·m-3, and the greater the emission intensity is, the higher the influence concentration is.

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