• 关键词：白洋淀  水体交换  围堤围埝拆除  模型模拟  方案比选

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.52070020）；水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（No.2018ZX07110001）

• 白洁
• 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875

• 田凯
• 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875

• 麻晓梅
• 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875

• 尹心安
• 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875

• 贾鹏
• 生态环境部环境工程评估中心，北京 100012;国家环境保护环境影响数值模拟重点实验室，北京 100012

• 陈家琪
• 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875

• 赵彦伟
• 北京师范大学环境学院，水环境模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100875

• 摘要：白洋淀是华北平原最大的浅水湖泊，因水产养殖等社会经济活动需要，淀内高密度建设围堤围埝，不利于水体交换，影响了水体环境和生态功能.基于MIKE 21软件，构建了白洋淀二维水动力模拟模型，选取水力滞留时间、滞水区面积比、流线分布均匀度等指标，提出了水体交换能力综合改善率计算方法，模拟了基准与低、中、高3种围堤围埝拆除强度情景的水体交换能力变化，进行了方案比选.结果表明，与基准情景相比，3种拆除强度情景下，流线分布均匀度均有增加，滞水区面积比分别减少6.17%、9.04%、9.24%，水力滞留时间分别缩短约1、2、3 d，水体交换能力综合改善率分别为34.37%、42.84%、47.25%，3种拆除情景对水体交换能力提升均有明显效果.本研究可为湖泊阻水构筑物拆除方案比选提供技术方法，为湖泊水体交换能力提升、水生态修复提供技术依据.

• Abstract：The Baiyangdian lake is the largest shallow lake in the North China Plain. Due to the needs of social and economic activities such as aquaculture， many embankment and cofferdams were built in the lake. These embankment and cofferdams led to the degradation of water environment and ecological function because of their negative effects on water exchange in the lake. This research constructed a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on the MIKE 21 software， and proposed a comprehensive index to assess the improvement of water exchange capacity by adopting several key sub-indices （such as the hydraulic retention time， the stagnant water area ratio， and the streamline distribution uniformity index， etc.）. This study further simulated the change of water exchange capacity under the low， medium and high demolition schemes， and compared the effects of the three schemes according to the comprehensive improvement rate index. The results showed that， compared with the current situation， under the low， medium and high demolition schemes， the flow line distribution uniformity index could all be increased； the stagnant water area ratio could be decreased by 6.17%， 9.04% and 9.24%； the hydraulic retention time could be shortened by about 1， 2 and 3 days； and the comprehensive improvement rates of water exchange capacity could be 34.37%， 42.84% and 47.25%， respectively. These results demonstrated the three demolition schemes all could improve the water exchange capacity. This research can provide a technical measure to optimize the removal scheme of water blocking structures in a lake， and provide a decision-making basis to improve the water exchange capacity and restore the ecological condition in lake.

• Key words：Baiyangdian Lake  water exchange capacity  embankment and cofferdam demolition  model simulation  scheme comparison

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