• 关键词：生物质炭  ¹³C脉冲标记  裂解温度  杨树  水稻  理化性质

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41701264）；南京林业大学校级青年创新基金（No.CX2017023）

• 耿慧丽
• 南京林业大学生物与环境学院，南京 210037

• 卢伟伟
• 南京林业大学生物与环境学院，南京 210037

• 张芳超
• 南京林业大学生物与环境学院，南京 210037

• 查全智
• 南京林业大学生物与环境学院，南京 210037

• 摘要：研究了未标记和¹³C脉冲标记的水稻和杨树在不同温度下制备得到的生物质炭理化性质的差异.以水稻和杨树为原料，进行¹³C脉冲标记，分别在300 ℃和500 ℃下裂解，得到8种不同的生物质炭，即300 ℃和500 ℃未标记水稻生物质炭、300 ℃和500 ℃ ¹³C标记水稻生物质炭、300 ℃和500 ℃未标记杨树生物质炭及300 ℃和500 ℃ ¹³C标记杨树生物质炭，分析植物¹³C标记、裂解温度和原料对生物质炭主要理化性质的影响.结果表明，植物¹³C标记后，制备得到的生物质炭TC含量降低，固定碳含量增加，水稻生物质炭的NO₃^--N含量增加.随着裂解温度从300 ℃升高到500 ℃，¹³C标记生物质炭的灰分、pH、固定碳含量增加，DOC、TN和NH₄⁺-N含量减少，C/N有所增加.三因素方差分析表明，制备原料是影响生物质炭的灰分、TC和固定碳含量的最重要因素，对变异的解释程度分别为0.87、0.92和0.55；裂解温度是影响生物质炭的pH、DOC、TN、NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量的最重要因素，对变异的解释程度分别为0.94、0.91、0.79、0.47和0.67；生物质炭的理化性质受到制备原料、裂解温度和植物¹³C脉冲标记三者的交互作用的影响，尤其是制备原料和裂解温度之间的交互.进一步通过主成分分析发现，裂解温度对生物质炭的理化性质影响最大，其次是制备原料，植物¹³C标记的影响最小.综上所述，植物¹³C脉冲标记对所制备的生物质炭的主要理化性质存在明显影响，易分解碳和氮则主要受裂解温度的影响.本研究将为同位素技术在生物质炭研究中的应用提供基础数据，并为相关研究选择合适的生物质炭种类提供参考.

• Abstract：This study investigated the differences in the physiochemical properties of biochars prepared from unlabeled and ¹³C pulse-labeled rice and poplar at two temperatures. The biochars were produced by pyrolysis of ¹³C pulse-labeled and unlabeled rice and poplar at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃， respectively， therefore， eight biochars were obtained， namely unlabeled rice biochar at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃， ¹³C-labeled rice biochar at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃， unlabeled poplar biochar at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃， and ¹³C-labeled poplar biochar at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃. The effects of plant ¹³C labelling， pyrolysis temperature and feedstock on the main physiochemical properties of biochars were analyzed. Compared with the biochars produced from the unlabeled raw materials， total carbon （TC） was decreased while the fixed carbon and nitrate-nitrogen （NO₃^--N， only for the rice biochars） were increased in the biochars produced from ¹³C-labeled raw materials. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature from 300 ℃ to 500 ℃， the ash content， pH and fixed carbon content of the ¹³C-labeled biochars were increased， while the dissolved organic carbon （DOC）， total nitrogen （TN） and ammonium-nitrogen （NH₄⁺-N） contents were decreased. Three-way ANOVA indicated that the feedstock type was the most important factor influencing the ash content， TC and fixed carbon content of the biochars， accounting for 0.87， 0.92 and 0.55 of the variable variations， respectively. On the other hand， pyrolysis temperature was the most important factor influencing pH， DOC， TN， NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N content of the biochars， accounting for 0.94， 0.91， 0.79， 0.47 and 0.67 of the variable variations， respectively. The physiochemical properties of the biochars were affected by the interactions between the feedstock， pyrolysis temperature and ¹³C pulse labelling， especially the interactions between the feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. Furthermore， the principal component analysis indicated that the pyrolysis temperature was the most important factor controlling the physicochemical properties of the biochars， which was followed by the feedstock type and the plant ¹³C labelling. In conclusion， the plant ¹³C pulse labelling imposed significant effects on most of the physiochemical properties of the biochars， while the readily decomposable C and N were primarily influenced by the pyrolysis temperatures. The results will provide basic data for the application of isotope technology on the studies related to biochars， and provide guidance for the selection of appropriate biochar types in future studies.

• Key words：biochar  ¹³C pulse labelling  pyrolysis temperature  poplar  rice  physiochemical properties

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