研究报告

  • 祁琦,王壮,王德高.水生生物对碳基纳米材料的物种敏感性分布研究[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(11):464-474

  • 水生生物对碳基纳米材料的物种敏感性分布研究
  • The distribution of species sensitivity for aquatic organisms exposed to carbon nanomaterials
  • 基金项目:江苏高校‘青蓝工程’资助项目(No.R2021Q03)
  • 作者
  • 单位
  • 祁琦
  • 南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室,江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,南京 210044
  • 王壮
  • 南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室,江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,南京 210044
  • 王德高
  • 大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院,大连 116026
  • 摘要:碳基纳米材料(CNMs)是科学研究中最热门的材料之一,然而CNMs对生态物种具有潜在的毒害作用.为了评估CNMs对生态物种的生态风险,通过广泛查阅,整理与分析了5种CNMs对22种单一水生物种的急性毒性数据,基于均值效应浓度值(EC50)构建物种敏感性分布(SSD)模型,并计算得到5%危害浓度(Hazardous Concentration for 5% of species, HC5)和潜在影响比例(Potential Affected Fractions, PAF).研究结果发现:富勒烯(C60)、石墨烯纳米片(GN)、氧化石墨烯(GO)、单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)、多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的HC5值分别为1.88、0.37、0.13、1.31、0.74 mg·L-1,表明二维石墨烯家族材料比零维C60和一维碳纳米管对水生生物表现出更高的生态风险.与5种金属基纳米颗粒物(MNPs)相比,CNMs对水生生物的生态风险低于MNPs.通过对不同暴露浓度下CNMs的PAF值分析,发现当暴露浓度小于1×10-3 mg·L-1时,CNMs对水生生物的危害程度在可接受的范围内;当暴露浓度达到10.0 mg·L-1时,分别有38.85%、56.24%、34.65%、26.59%、39.18%的水生生物受到C60、GN、GO、SWCNTs、MWCNTs的威胁.比较CNMs对水生生物的预测无效应浓度与其预测环境浓度间差异,发现这5种CNMs对水生生物的危害程度均在可接受的范围内.
  • Abstract:Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are one of the most sought-after materials used in scientific research. However, CNMs have potentially ecological toxic effects on aquatic organisms. To evaluate the ecological risks of CNMs, the acute toxicity of five CNMs to 22 single species in the aquatic environment were classified and analyzed, and a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) model was constructed based on the mean effective concentration (EC50), as well as the hazard concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) and potential affected fractions (PAF) were calculated.Results showed that the HC5 values for fullerene (C60), graphene nanosheets (GN), graphene oxide (GO), single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were 1.88, 0.37, 0.13, 1.31 and 0.74 mg·L-1, respectively. This means that the two-dimensional graphene family of materials showed a higher ecological risk to aquatic organisms than the zero-dimension fullerenes and one-dimension carbon nanotubes. The ecological risk to aquatic organisms from CNMs was found to be lower than that from metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) when compared with five MNPs. The analysis of the PAF values of CNMs at different exposure concentrations indicated that the hazard level of CNMs to aquatic organisms was within acceptable limits when CNMs were exposed at concentrations below 1×10-3 mg·L-1; when the exposure concentration of C60, GN, GO, SWCNTs and MWCNTs reached 10.0 mg·L-1, 38.85%, 56.24%, 34.65%, 26.59% and 39.18% of aquatic organisms were threatened. Comparing the differences between the predicted no-effect concentrations of CNMs for aquatic organisms and their predicted environmental concentrations, five CNMs were found to be within acceptable harmful levels to aquatic organisms.

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