研究报告
陈琦,丁耀彬.过氧乙酸氧化磺胺甲恶唑及磺胺类药物:反应动力学和机理[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(12):30-38
过氧乙酸氧化磺胺甲恶唑及磺胺类药物:反应动力学和机理
- Oxidation of sulfamethoxazole and sulfonamides by peracetic acid: Reaction kinetics and mechanism
- 基金项目:中南民族大学基本科研业务费专项资金项目(No.CZT19005)
- 陈琦
- 中南民族大学资源与环境学院,武汉 430074
- 丁耀彬
- 中南民族大学资源与环境学院,武汉 430074
- 摘要:磺胺类抗生素的大量使用和持续排放导致的水环境污染问题已经引起了国内外的广泛关注.因此,开发一种高效、低成本处理水中磺胺类药物抗生素的方法具有重要意义.本文考察了过氧乙酸(PAA)氧化磺胺类药物的性能,研究了PAA与磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)反应的动力学,阐明了SMX的降解途径.结果表明:在pH=7条件下,10 mmol·L-1 PAA可在240 min内完全降解20 μmol·L-1的SMX,该反应速率常数k值为0.018 min-1,是过氧化氢的360倍;相对于分子态的SMX,以阴离子形式存在的SMX(SMX-)更容易被PAA氧化;增加PAA浓度可有效促进SMX的 氧化降解;加入过量甲醇(甲醇与PAA的浓度比分别为20和100),SMX的降解率未明显降低,表明SMZ的降解主要是PAA氧化所致,自由基在其中的贡献很小.通过液相色谱-质谱联用技术对SMZ的降解产物进行分析,发现PAA氧化SMX的位点为SMX分子中苯环上的氨基和五环杂环上的甲基;PAA氧化也对其它的磺胺类药物有效,如磺胺二甲恶唑(SMOX)、磺胺噻唑(STZ)、磺胺吡啶(SPY)和磺胺甲基嘧啶(SMR). Br-的存在促进了PAA对SMX的氧化, I-存在下在反应初期加快了SMX的氧化降解,而HCO3-、Cl-和腐殖酸的存在则显示出抑制效果.同时, 在实际环境水样(南湖水和长江水)中,PAA依然能有效氧化降解SMX,表明PAA具有应用于天然水体中磺胺类药物的氧化消除的潜力.
- Abstract:Water pollution caused by the extensive use and continuous emission of sulfonamides has attracted much attention all over the world. It is of great significance to develop an efficient and low-cost method for the treatment of sulfonamides antibiotics in water. In the paper, oxidation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and other sulfonamides by peracetic acid (PAA) was checked. Reaction kinetics and mechanism for the oxidation were studied, and possible degradation pathways of SMX were also clarified. It was found that 20 μmol·L-1 SMX can be completely degraded in 240 min by 10 mmol·L-1 PAA at initial pH 7. The reaction rate constant (k) for the degradation reaction is 0.018 min-1, 360 times that by H2O2. As compared with SMX molecule, SMX in the state of anion ions (SMX-) can be more easily oxidized by PAA; Increasing PAA concentration can promote oxidation of SMX; Addition of excess methanol (concentration ratio of methanol to PAA was 20 and 100) doesn’t depress SMX degradation, indicating that SMX degradation is mainly induced by PAA oxidation, and free radicals have little contribution. LC-MS results of degradation intermediates of SMX demonstrate that the reactive sites of SMX oxidation by PAA are amino group of benzene ring and methyl moieties of pentacyclic heterocycle in SMX. PAA can also efficiently oxidize other sulfonamides antibiotics such as sulfamethizole (SMT), sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfapyridine (SPY) and sulfamerazine (SMR). The co-existence of Br- promotes oxidation of SMX, the addition of I- enhances oxidation of SMX in the initial reaction stage, while the co-presence of HCO3-, Cl- and humic acid depresses its degradation; In the practical aquatic samples (collected from Lake Nan and Yangtze River), PAA can still efficiently oxidize SMX, suggesting that PPA oxidation has application potential in removal of sulfonamides antibiotics in natural water body.