• 关键词：微塑料  生态风险  密云水库

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.U1906224）；单位开放基金（No.BKL-KF-2021-003-SHJ）

• 何文宣
• 北京交通大学环境学院，北京 100044;北京市水科学技术研究院，北京 100048

• 李垒
• 北京市水科学技术研究院，北京 100048

• 李久义
• 北京交通大学环境学院，北京 100044

• 李亚楠
• 北京市密云水库管理处，北京 101512

• 田秀君
• 北京交通大学环境学院，北京 100044

• 摘要：城市供水水库的微塑料污染近年来受到广泛关注.密云水库作为北京市重要的饮用水水源地，有必要对其微塑料污染现状进行全面调查.本研究以密云水库的表层水、沉积物和鱼类为研究对象，调查了微塑料的丰度、分布和组成特征，揭示了微塑料的来源及生态风险.结果表明表层水，沉积物和鱼类肠道中微塑料的平均丰度分别为（6.83±1.87） n·L^-1，（ 408±141） n·kg^-1和（3.93±2.80） n·ind^-1.微塑料在表层水和沉积物中的空间分布归因于水流方向、人类活动和水坝阻挡.鱼类肠道中微塑料丰度分布差异与栖息地和摄食习惯不同有关，水体上层的滤食性鱼类微塑料污染最严重.在所有样本中，纤维状、≤0.5 mm及透明的微塑料占比较高，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（47.64%）/聚丙烯（20.03%）和聚乙烯（18.35%）为主要聚合物类型.对微塑料污染特征分析，指出密云水库微塑料的主要来源为人类日常生活、渔业活动和农业生产活动，途径为大气沉降和降雨径流.利用风险指数和污染负荷指数对表层水和沉积物的微塑料污染进行评估，结果显示整体风险较低.本研究结果可为城市供水水库的微塑料污染调查与评估提供参考.

• Abstract：Microplastic pollution in reservoirs for municipal water supply has received extensive attention in recent years. The Miyun Reservoir is an important source of portable water in Beijing. A comprehensive investigation of microplastic pollution in the reservoir is needed. In this study， the abundance， distribution and composition of microplastics were determined in the surface water， sediments and fish in the reservoir. The study also revealed the sources of microplastics and their ecological risks. The results indicated that the average abundances of microplastics in surface water and sediments were （6.83±1.87） n·L^-1 and （408±141） n·kg^-1 respectively. On average， （3.93±2.80） microplastic particles were found in the guts of individual fish. The spatial distribution of microplastic in the surface water and sediment of the reservoir is associated with water flow direction and human activities. It was also observed a build-up of microplastics around the dams. The difference in the microplastic in fish guts was attributed to different habitats and feeding habits. The abundance of microplastics in the guts of filter-feeding fish residing in the upper water layers was comparatively high. Transparent fibre microplastics with size less than 0.5 mm were the major parts of all samples， and polyethylene terephthalate （47.64%）， polypropylene （20.03%） and polyethylene （18.35%） the most common polymer types. It is inferred that the microplastics in the Miyun Reservoir mainly resulted from human activities， fishery and agricultural activities， transport by atmospheric deposition and rainfall runoff. Microplastic pollution assessment， using both risk index and pollution load index， indicated the low level of overall risk of microplastics pollution in the reservoir. The results of this study can provide useful information for the investigation and assessment of microplastic pollution in urban water supplies.

• Key words：microplastics  ecological risk  Miyun Reservoir

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