研究报告

  • 马建华,姜玉玲,王洋洋,仝致琦,刘德新,阮心玲,李旭辉,李涛,吴朋飞,宋永鹏,郑辉,赵庆良.豫境黄淮海平原土壤重金属背景值研究[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(12):241-250

  • 豫境黄淮海平原土壤重金属背景值研究
  • Background values of heavy metals in soils of the Huanghuaihai Plain in Henan Province, China
  • 基金项目:河南省重大科技专项(No. 181100310600);河南省高等学校地理学优势学科建设(2015~2020)经费
  • 作者
  • 单位
  • 马建华
  • 黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室(河南大学),开封 475004;河南大学环境与规划国家级教学示范中心,开封 475004;河南省土壤重金属污染防治与修复工程研究中心,开封 475004
  • 姜玉玲
  • 河南省土壤重金属污染防治与修复工程研究中心,开封 475004;信阳师范学院地理科学学院,信阳 464000
  • 王洋洋
  • 黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室(河南大学),开封 475004;河南大学环境与规划国家级教学示范中心,开封 475004;河南省土壤重金属污染防治与修复工程研究中心,开封 475004
  • 仝致琦
  • 黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室(河南大学),开封 475004;河南大学环境与规划国家级教学示范中心,开封 475004;河南省土壤重金属污染防治与修复工程研究中心,开封 475004
  • 刘德新
  • 黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室(河南大学),开封 475004;河南大学环境与规划国家级教学示范中心,开封 475004;河南省土壤重金属污染防治与修复工程研究中心,开封 475004
  • 阮心玲
  • 黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室(河南大学),开封 475004;河南大学环境与规划国家级教学示范中心,开封 475004;河南省土壤重金属污染防治与修复工程研究中心,开封 475004
  • 李旭辉
  • 黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室(河南大学),开封 475004;河南大学环境与规划国家级教学示范中心,开封 475004;河南省土壤重金属污染防治与修复工程研究中心,开封 475004
  • 李涛
  • 黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室(河南大学),开封 475004;河南大学环境与规划国家级教学示范中心,开封 475004;河南省土壤重金属污染防治与修复工程研究中心,开封 475004
  • 吴朋飞
  • 河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心,开封 475004
  • 宋永鹏
  • 黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室(河南大学),开封 475004;河南大学环境与规划国家级教学示范中心,开封 475004
  • 郑辉
  • 黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室(河南大学),开封 475004;河南大学环境与规划国家级教学示范中心,开封 475004
  • 赵庆良
  • 黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室(河南大学),开封 475004;河南大学环境与规划国家级教学示范中心,开封 475004
  • 摘要:长期缺少豫境黄淮海平原土壤重金属背景值数据,很多学者不得不用河南省土壤或中国潮土元素背景值作为标准评价重金属污染.那么,豫境黄淮海平原土壤重金属背景值与河南省土壤、中国潮土是否存在差异?平原内部是否存在重金属背景值的空间差异?这是影响评价结果可靠性的关键,需要开展研究.采用10 km×10 km网格法,在研究区沙河干流以南(南区)和以北(北区)分别采集土壤表层样品336份和561份.用电感耦合等离子体发射质谱法(ICP-MS)测定样品Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn和Ni含量,用原子荧光光度法(AFS)法测定样品Hg、As含量.在重金属含量异常值剔除和数据分布检验基础上,分别确定南区和北区重金属背景值.结果表明,南区土壤Hg、As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn和Ni背景值分别为0.066、4.11、0.130、56.72、20.97、23.31、59.21和24.03 mg·kg–1,北区上述重金属的背景值分别为0.061、7.45、0.129、51.92、18.96、22.72、66.96和27.16 mg·kg–1.北区土壤As、Zn和Ni背景值显著大于南区,南区Pb、Cr和Cu背景值显著大于北区,两区间Hg和Cd背景值无显著差别.南区和北区土壤Hg、Cd背景值高于其河南省土壤、河南省潮土和中国潮土背景值,绝对差异度达到强烈或极强烈水平;As背景值低于上述参比背景值,差异度达到中等、强烈和极强烈水平;土壤Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn和Ni背景值与参比背景值的差异较小,差异度均属微弱或中等差异.
  • Abstract:Due to the long-term lack of the background values (BVs) of heavy metals in soils of the Huanghuaihai Plain in Henan Province (HPHP), China, many researchers had to use the BVs of heavy metals in soils of Henan Province (HP) or the fluvo-aquic soil of China (FSC) as the reference criteria to assess soil heavy metals pollution of HPHP. Then, are there any differences between the BVs of heavy metals in soils of HPHP, HP and FSC? Are there spatial differences in the BVs of heavy metals within the HPHP? This is the key to the reliability of the evaluation results, which urgently needs to be studied. Using a 10 km × 10 km grid method, 336 and 561 topsoil samples were collected respectively in the south and north of the main stream of Shahe River in the study area. The contents of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in soils were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the contents of Hg and As were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). Based on the elimination of abnormal values of heavy metal contents and data distribution test, the background values of heavy metals in the southern and northern regions are calculated, respectively. The results show that the BVs of Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in soils in the south of HPHP are 0.066, 4.11, 0.130, 56.72, 20.97, 23.31, 59.21 and 24.03 mg·kg-1, respectively, and those in the north are 0.061, 7.45, 0.129, 51.92, 18.96, 22.72, 66.96 and 27.16 mg·kg-1, respectively. The BVs of As, Zn and Ni in soils in the north are significantly higher than those in the south, while the BVs of Cr, Pb and Cu in soils in the south are significantly higher than those in the north. However, for BVs of Hg and Cd, no significant difference exists between the two regions. Totally, the BVs of Hg and Cd in soils of HPHP are higher than those in soils of HP, FSC and the fluvo-aquic soil of Henan Province (FSHP), and their absolute difference reaches a strong or extremely strong level. The BVs of As in soils of HPHP are lower than those in soils of HP, FSHP and FSC, their difference degree belonging to moderate, strong and extremely strong levels, respectively. However, the differences between the BVs of Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in soils of HPHP and the reference background values (HP, FSHP and FSC) are weak or medium.

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