• 关键词：颗粒物浓度  垂直分布  沙尘气溶胶  无人机  塔克拉玛干沙漠

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金重点项目（No.42030612，41830968）；第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目（No.2019QZKK010206）

• 毕道金
• 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院，乌鲁木齐 830046;中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站，中国气象局塔克拉玛干沙漠气象野外科学试验基地，新疆维吾尔自治区沙漠气象与沙尘暴重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830002

• 何清
• 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站，中国气象局塔克拉玛干沙漠气象野外科学试验基地，新疆维吾尔自治区沙漠气象与沙尘暴重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830002

• 李京龙
• 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院，乌鲁木齐 830046;中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站，中国气象局塔克拉玛干沙漠气象野外科学试验基地，新疆维吾尔自治区沙漠气象与沙尘暴重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830002

• 陆忠奇
• 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院，乌鲁木齐 830046;中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站，中国气象局塔克拉玛干沙漠气象野外科学试验基地，新疆维吾尔自治区沙漠气象与沙尘暴重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830002

• 周成龙
• 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站，中国气象局塔克拉玛干沙漠气象野外科学试验基地，新疆维吾尔自治区沙漠气象与沙尘暴重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830002

• 孟露
• 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院，乌鲁木齐 830046;中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站，中国气象局塔克拉玛干沙漠气象野外科学试验基地，新疆维吾尔自治区沙漠气象与沙尘暴重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830002

• 姜红
• 新疆气象台，乌鲁木齐 830002

• 摘要：利用多旋翼无人机于2021年7月30—31日对塔克拉玛干沙漠的塔中（飞行高度0~2000 m）、民丰地区（飞行高度0~1000 m）不同粒径 颗粒物浓度、气温、相对湿度和风速进行垂直观测，结合多地面站点、再分析资料、后向轨迹模型和卫星遥感数据，对沙尘污染过程中的影响 因素、颗粒物垂直分布特征及污染成因进行了分析.结果表明：①近地面低气温、高相对湿度、高风速的气象条件有利于沙尘污染事件的发生，通过无人机探测数据发现高相对湿度有利于颗粒物吸湿增长，气温和风速的上升能够加强大气对流运动，有利于污染物的输送.②在沙尘污染期间，塔中地区PM₁、PM_2.5和PM₁₀的浓度分别为0.8~45.7、1.0~267.0和1.0~588.7 μg·m^-3；民丰地区PM₁、PM_2.5和PM₁₀的浓度分别为21.5~126.9、39.6~263.6和48.5~520.6 μg·m^-3.③在沙尘污染期间，塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地颗粒物组成以粗颗粒物为主，南缘则以细颗粒物为主.民丰地区PM₁/PM_2.5比值（0.48~0.55）和PM_2.5/PM₁₀比值（0.55~0.83）在同时刻均高于塔中地区（PM₁/PM_2.5为0.18~0.33， PM_2.5/PM₁₀为0.33~0.51）.④天气形势和后向轨迹表明，此次污染主要由西风环流导致，气团分别从北面翻越天山和东面绕道进入塔克拉玛干沙漠，携带了塔克拉玛干沙漠东部地区沙尘颗粒和新疆北部人为污染物.⑤CALIPSO卫星数据表明，此次污染中气溶胶存在于海拔1~8 km之间，主要集中在低层（消光系数在 海拔1.0~2.2 km左右最大）.气溶胶类型为沙尘气溶胶、污染沙尘气溶胶和烟雾气溶胶，其中，沙尘气溶胶占主要部分.

• Abstract：Vertical observations of particulate matter concentrations and size， air temperature， relative humidity and wind speed， combined with multiple ground observation and reanalysis data of meteorology， backward trajectory modeling and satellite remote sensing data were conducted in the Taklamakan Desert from July 30 to 31， 2021 in the Tazhong in the heights of 0~2000 m and Minfeng areas in the hights of 0~1000 m. The influencing factors， and the vertical distribution of particulate matters were analyzed in the process of sand and dust pollution. The results show that： ①The surface meteorological conditions of low air temperature， high relative humidity， and large wind speed are conducive to the occurrence of dust pollution events. UAV detection data indicate that high relative humidity is conducive to the hygroscopic growth of particulate matters， and the rise in temperature and wind speed can strengthen the convective movement in the atmosphere， which is conducive to the transport of dust aerosols. ②During the period of sand and dust pollution， the concentration variations of PM₁、PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Tazhong ranged from 0.8~45.7 μg·m^-3， 1.0~267 μg·m^-3， and 1.0~588.7 μg·m^-3， respectively. the particulate matter concentrations were higher during the sandstorm period than durin the sandy period. The concentration variation of PM₁、PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Minfeng ranged from 21.5 to 126.9 μg·m^-3， 39.6 to 263.6 μg·m^-3， and 48.5 to 520.6 μg·m^-3， respectively. ③During the period of sand and dust pollution， the particulate composition of the Taklamakan Desert hinterland is dominated by coarse particulate matter， while the southern edge is dominated by fine particulate matters. The average ratios of PM₁/PM_2.5 （0.48~0.55） and PM_2.5/PM₁₀ （0.55~0.83） in Minfeng were higher than those in Tazhong at the same momentperiod （0.18~0.33 for PM₁/PM_2.5 and 0.33~0.51 for PM_2.5/PM₁₀）. ④The weather situation and backward trajectory indicate that this pollution is mainly caused by the westerly circulation， with air masses going over the Tianshan Mountains from the north and detouring into the Taklamakan Desert from the east， carrying dust particles from the eastern part of the Taklamakan Desert and anthropogenic pollutants from northern Xinjiang. ⑤CALIPSO satellite data showed that the aerosols of this pollution process existed between 1 and 8 km above sea level and were mainly concentrated in the near-ground layer （the extinction coefficient was maximum around 1~2.2 km above sea level）. The main aerosol types are dust aerosol， contaminated dust aerosol and smoke aerosol， of which dust aerosol accounts for the major part.

• Key words：particulate matter concentrations  vertical distribution  sand and dust aerosols  unmanned aerial vehicle  Taklimakan Desert

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