研究报告
张琦,陈宇琛,林育青,马宏海,丁珏,孙昊,陈求稳.不同水期澜沧江梯级水库浮游植物群落结构空间分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(12):392-401
不同水期澜沧江梯级水库浮游植物群落结构空间分布特征
- Spatial distribution patterns of phytoplankton community during different water periods along cascade reservoirs in the Lancang River
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划（No.92047303）；江苏省水利重点科技项目（No.2019006，2019024）
- 作者
- 单位
- 张琦
- 南京水利科学研究院生态环境研究所，南京 210029;四川大学水利水电学院，成都 610065
- 陈宇琛
- 南京水利科学研究院生态环境研究所，南京 210029
- 林育青
- 南京水利科学研究院生态环境研究所，南京 210029
- 马宏海
- 南京水利科学研究院生态环境研究所，南京 210029;四川大学水利水电学院，成都 610065
- 丁珏
- 南京水利科学研究院生态环境研究所，南京 210029
- 孙昊
- 南京水利科学研究院生态环境研究所，南京 210029;西安理工大学水利水电学院，西安 710000
- 陈求稳
- 南京水利科学研究院生态环境研究所，南京 210029
- 摘要：建坝造成了河流水环境的差异，会导致浮游植物群落具有明显的空间异质性.为探究梯级水库河流的浮游植物分布，本研究选择澜沧江为研究区域，于2018年3月—2019年5月在上游河道、苗尾、功果桥、小湾、漫湾、糯扎渡、景洪、景洪坝下开展了浮游植物的调查.对比了丰、枯水期浮游植物群落结构、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数的变化特征，采用Spearman相关性分析确定丰、枯水期浮游植物密度与环境因子间的关系.重点讨论了浮游植物密度较高的小湾和糯扎渡库区浮游植物的年内变化特征.研究结果表明：澜沧江干流丰、枯水期各库区浮游植物种类均以河流型硅藻为主，绿藻门次之；浮游植物密度分别为0.02×106 ~ 16.74×106 cells?L-1和0.26×106 ~ 9.41×106 cells?L-1；丰水期藻密度、生物量、浮游植物多样性、均匀度指数均高于枯水期；小湾和糯扎渡的浮游植物密度及生物量均高于其他库区，全年平均值分别为9.35×106 cells?L-1和2.19×106 cells?L-1；两库的浮游植物群落具有明显差异，浮游植物密度分别在2019年5月和4月达到最高，相关性分析表明氮素是影响浮游植物群落结构变化的关键因子.本研究可为梯级水库河流的水生态环境保护提供一定的支撑和参考.
- Abstract：Dam construction changes river water environment， which will lead to spatial heterogeneity of phytoplankton community and abundance. In order to explore the phytoplankton characteristics in cascade reservoirs along a river， the Lancang River was selected as the study area. Phytoplankton was investigated in the upstream channel and six cascade reservoirs （i.e.， Miaowei， Gongguoqiao， Xiaowan， Manwan， Nuozhadu， and Jinghong） and downstream of Jinghong dam from March 2018 to May 2019. The variations in phytoplankton density， biomass， Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H’） and Pielou evenness index （J） in wet and dry season were compared. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors in wet and dry season. An in-depth discussion was conducted for the annual variation of phytoplankton in Xiaowan and Nuozhadu reservoirs due to their high phytoplankton density. The result showed that phytoplankton density was 0.02×106 ~ 16.74×106 cells?L-1 in wet season and 0.26×106 ~ 9.41×106 cells?L-1 in dry season. The community were dominated by river-type diatoms， followed by chlorophyta. The phytoplankton density， biomass， H’ and J in wet season were higher than dry season. The phytoplankton density in Xiaowan and Nuozhadu was significantly higher than other reservoirs. The average density of Xiaowan and Nuozhadu reservoirs were 9.35×106 cells?L-1 and 2.19×106 cells?L-1， respectively. The maximum density in Xiaowan and Nuozadu appeared in May and April 2019， respectively. Correlation analysis showed that nitrogen was the main nutrient driving factor for phytoplankton community structure both in wet season and dry season. This study can provide reference for the protection of water ecological environment of cascade reservoirs.
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