• 关键词：柴油泥头车  纯电动泥头车  生命周期评价  GREET模型  碳减排效果  制约因素

• 基金项目：

• 蔡晓萍
• 深圳大学土木与交通工程学院，深圳大学滨海城市韧性基础设施教育部重点实验室，深圳 518060

• 柏静
• 澳门科技大学，可持续发展研究所，澳门 999078

• 段华波
• 华中科技大学，环境科学与工程学院，武汉 430074

• 谢海明
• 深圳市协力新能源与智能网联汽车创新中心，深圳 518060

• 摘要：新能源汽车替代传统燃油车是减缓能源与环境压力并如期实现“双碳”目标的重要途径，但在重型车辆、工程车等领域推广较为缓慢. 深圳市自2019年开始推广使用纯电动泥头车，并计划到2025年新能源环卫、泥头车数量达到8000辆.为深入探究纯电动泥头车替代柴油泥头车所产生的减污降碳协同效益，本研究基于一手调研数据，采用生命周期评价方法并结合GREET模型，对比分析了两类泥头车在燃料周期、 车辆周期和配套设施周期3个周期内的能耗、主要空气污染物及碳排放情况.结果表明，纯电动泥头车全生命周期内能耗较柴油泥头车可减少36.2%，主要污染物如NO_x、SO₂、VOC和PM_2.5降幅分别达81.3%、37.8%、29.0%和25.9%；温室气体（GHGs）排放强度减少14.4%，基准情境下2030年和2050年推广纯电动泥头车GHGs累计减排量分别为71.4万t和258.5万t.尽管节能减排效果显著，但其初始购置和售后维保成本 过高是制约其推广的最主要因素，通过降低车辆及电池生产制造成本、提高充换电设施数量及售后维保能力等有望加快泥头车纯电动化.

• Abstract：New energy vehicles have been recognized as a sustainable alternative to traditional fossil-fuelled vehicles to alleviate energy and environmental pressure， which is also the key path for China to achieve the goal of 'Carbon neutrality' and 'Carbon peak' on schedule. Despite the wide employment of new energy vehicles for passenger transit， heavy-duty and engineering vehicles are still overwhelmingly driven by fossil fuels. The electric dump trucks have been promoted and applied since 2019 in Shenzhen， and the quantity of electric sanitation vehicles and electric dump trucks is planned to reach a total number of 8000 by 2025. In order to further explore the comprehensive benefits of the two different types of dump trucks， this study applied Life Cycle Analysis method and GREET model on first-hand survey data， to analyze some key indicators such as energy consumption， major air pollutants and carbon emissions intensity among fuel cycle， vehicle cycle and power supporting facility cycle. The results show that， in the whole life cycle of the vehicles， the energy consumption of an electric dump truck， compared with a traditional diesel dump truck， is reduced by 36.2%. As for the main pollutants， such as NO_x， SO₂， VOC and PM_2.5， these pollutants production is reduced by 81.3%， 37.8%， 29.0% and 25.9%， respectively， and GHGs emission intensity is reduced by 14.4%. Under the baseline scenario preset in this study， the cumulative emission reductions of GHGs from the promotion of electric dump trucks in the year of 2030 and 2050 are 0.714 and 2.585 million tons， respectively. Although electric dump trucks feature remarkable effects of energy saving and emission reduction， the high cost of initial purchase and after-sales maintenance is the most important factor restricting its promotion. Only by reducing vehicle and battery manufacturing costs， adding the number of charging and battery replacing facilities， and after-sales maintenance capabilities， etc.， can it be expected to accelerate the promotion of electric dump trucks.

• Key words：diesel dump truck  electric dump truck  life cycle assessment  GREET model  carbon emission reduction effect  promoting factors

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