特别选题
陆杰英,余锐,范绍佳,孙丽颖,吴健达,王春林.2015—2021年广州地区近地面O3浓度污染特征及其与气象因素关系[J].环境科学学报,2023,43(1):32-41
2015—2021年广州地区近地面O3浓度污染特征及其与气象因素关系
- Characteristics of near-surface O3 pollution and its relationship with meteorological factors in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2021
- 基金项目：广东省科技计划项目（科技创新平台类）（No.2019B121201002）
- 作者
- 单位
- 陆杰英
- 广州市增城区气象局，广州 511300
- 余锐
- 佛山市三水区气象局，佛山 528100
- 范绍佳
- 中山大学大气科学学院，珠海 519082;广东省环珠江口气候环境与空气质量变化野外科学观测研究站，广州 510275
- 孙丽颖
- 广州市增城区气象局，广州 511300
- 吴健达
- 广州市增城区气象局，广州 511300
- 王春林
- 广州市气候与农业气象中心，广州 511430;广东省环珠江口气候环境与空气质量变化野外科学观测研究站，广州 510275
- 摘要：利用2015—2021年广州地区近地面逐时臭氧（O3）观测资料及同期地面气象站常规观测数据，分析了广州地区近地面O3浓度污染特征及其与气象因素的关系.结果表明：2015—2021年广州地区O3浓度呈缓慢上升趋势，增速为1.9 μg?m-3?a-1，2015和2019年O3浓度超标天数 最多；O3平均浓度季节变化明显：秋季＞冬季＞夏季＞春季；O3浓度空间分布不均匀，城郊地区高于中心城区；峰值中心位于城郊地区白云区，低值中心位于中心城区荔湾区.O3浓度高峰期是7—10月，9月浓度最高，3月浓度最低；四季O3浓度日变化均呈“单峰型”结构，最低值出现在7：00—8：00，14：00—16：00达到峰值.近地面O3平均浓度和O3超标率均与气温呈正比，当气温＞15 ℃开始出现臭氧超标现象.相对湿度＜50%时，O3超标率与相对湿度呈正比；相对湿度为40%~50%时，O3超标率达峰值为16.3%.当风速＜2 m?s-1时，O3超标率与风速呈正比；当风速＞ 2 m?s-1时，O3超标率与风速呈反比.高温、低湿、风小是广州地区产生高浓度O3的主要气象因子.
- Abstract：Using the hourly near-surface ozone （O3） observation data in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2021 and the regular observation data from surface meteorological stations in the same period， the pollution characteristics of near-surface O3 concentration in Guangzhou and its relationship with meteorological factors were analyzed. The results indicate that the O3 concentration in Guangzhou depict a gradual increasing trend from 2015 to 2021， with a growth rate of 1.9 μg?m-3?a-1. The year of 2015 and 2019 are characterized by the largest number of days with O3 concentration exceeding the standard level. The average O3 concentration shows both seasonal and spatial variations： autumn > winter > summer > spring； suburban area > central urban area. The O3 concentration reached peak values in September， whereas the valley values occurred in March. The O3 high concentration center is located in the suburban area （Baiyun District）， while the low values occur in the central urban area （Liwan District）. The diurnal variation of O3 concentration shows a prominent "single peak" structure， with the lowest values appearing at 07：00—08：00 and 14：00— Peak at 16：00. The variation of O3 concentration is sensitive to air temperature， relative humidity， and wind speed. The average concentration of O3 near the ground is positively dependent to the air temperature： the rate of O3 exceeding the standard level is frequently accompanied by air temperature that higher than 15 ℃. The rate of O3 exceeding the standard level also varies substantially with relative humidity. When the relative humidity is less than 50%， the O3 excess rate is proportional to the relative humidity； when the relative humidity is between 40% and 50%， the O3 excess rate reaches a peak value of 16.3%. When the wind speed is less than 2 m?s-1 the excess rate of O3 is positive correlated to the wind speed， while when the wind speed is greater than 2 m?s-1， the excess rate of O3 is negative correlated to the wind speed. Overall， high temperature， low humidity， and weak wind conditions are the main meteorological factors that responsible for the high concentrations of O3 in Guangzhou.
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