• 关键词：微塑料  河流  沉积物  渭河  分布

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41601017）；陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划项目（No.20190702）

• 张成前
• 西北大学，城市与环境学院，西安 710127

• 时鹏
• 西安理工大学，西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室，西安 710048

• 张妍
• 西北大学，城市与环境学院，西安 710127

• 干牧凡
• 西北大学，城市与环境学院，西安 710127

• 摘要：微塑料作为一种新兴污染物，广泛存在于全球多种环境介质中.本研究选择渭河流域关中段作为研究对象，借助体视显微镜和拉曼光谱仪对河水和沉积物中微塑料的污染状况进行表征.结果表明，河水及沉积物中微塑料丰度分别为2960~10320 粒·m^-3和4.774×10⁵~6.163×10⁶ 粒·m^-3.沉积物中微塑料丰度约为河水中的500倍，表明沉积物是河流微塑料的“汇”.河水和沉积物中均以小粒径微塑料（<0.5 mm）为主，且 小粒径微塑料在沉积物中的占比约为河水中的1.5倍.纤维和碎片是河流和沉积物中微塑料常见的形状，且河水中纤维状微塑料占比较沉积物中高.河水中微塑料以有色和白色为主，而沉积物中以透明微塑料为主.经拉曼光谱仪鉴定，河水中检出聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯乙烯，而沉积物中仅检出聚丙烯和聚乙烯.沉积物中微塑料可能经过了长期的环境作用（风化、氧化、磨损），人类生产和生活中广泛使用的塑料制品是渭河流域关中段的主要来源.微塑料丰度与沉积物颗粒大小及沉积物在水下的沉积体积相关.

• Abstract：As a new pollutant， microplastics exist in many environmental media around the world. The Guanzhong section of the Weihe River basin was selected as the research area. The stereomicroscope and Raman spectrometer methods were used to analyze the pollution characteristics of microplastics in river water and sediment phase. The results showed that the microplastics concentrations ranged from 2960 to 10320 items·m^-3 in the water and from 4.774×10⁵ to 6.163×10⁶ items·m^-3 in sediments. The average concentration of microplastics in sediments was about 500-fold higher than that in river water， suggesting that the sediment was a "sink" of the microplastics in the Weihe Rivers. The microplastics with smaller particle size （<0.5 mm） were dominant both in water and sediment， and the proportion of microplastics with small particle size in sediment was about 1.5 times than that in river water. Fiber and debris were common shapes of microplastics in both water and sediments， and the fibrous microplastics in water is higher than that in sediments. The microplastics in water were mainly colored and white， while those in sediments were mainly transparent. The Raman spectrometer identification showed that the main types of microplastics in water were polypropylene， polyethylene， polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene， but only polypropylene and polyethylene were detected in sediments. The microplastics in sediments may have undergone long-term environmental effects （weathering， oxidation and friction）. The main sources of microplastics in Guanzhong section of the Weihe River basin were plastic ptoducts widely used in life and industrial production. The abundances of microplastics in sediments were correlated with sediments particle sizes and sedimentation volumes.

• Key words：microplastics  river  sediments  the Weihe River  distribution

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