基于多源卫星的2022年中国露天生物质燃烧大气污染物时空排放特征
- Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Air Pollutant Emissions from Open Biomass Burning in China in 2022 Based on Multi-source Satellite Observations
- 摘要：露天生物质燃烧是大气污染物的重要来源之一，本研究采用融合 MODIS与 VIIRS监测的火点信息，进而获取过火面积，并与土地利用现状信息相结合的方式，构建中国 2022 年露天生物质燃烧11 种污染物的排放清单，同时对其时空分布展开分析。结果发现，2022年中国露天生物质燃烧CO2、CO、CH4、NOx、SO2、NH3、PM2.5、OC、BC、PM10和NMVOC的总排放量分别为132815、7986、443、210、69、146、698、328、43、990和695 Gg。时间分布上污染物排放多集中于春、秋两季，在空间分布上集中在东北平原、太行山山脉、江汉平原以及珠江流域，北方省份污染物排放来源以秸秆露天焚烧为主，南方省份以森林火灾为主。以2022年重庆森林火灾为例，通过与地面站点的浓度数据对比发现，森林火灾对下风向地区的空气质量有较大影响，尤其对 SO?以及颗粒物浓度的影响颇为明显，因此对相关区域与特定污染物的针对性管控是森林火灾发生后应急管理的关键。
- Abstract：Open biomass burning is a major source of air pollutants. We developed emission inventories for 11 pollutants from open biomass burning in China in 2022, and analyzed their spatial and temporal distribution. We combined fire data from MODIS and VIIRS with burned area information. The emission data was then integrated with current land use patterns. The total emissions of CO2, CO, CH4, NOx, SO2, NH3, PM2.5, OC, BC, PM10, and NMVOC from open biomass burning in China in 2022 were 132,815, 7,986, 443, 210, 69, 146, 698, 328, 43, 990, and 695 Gg, respectively. Emissions mainly concentrated in the spring and autumn. The areas with the higher emissions included the Northeast Plain, Taihang Mountains, Jianghan Plain, and the Pearl River Basin. In the northern provinces, straw burning was the dominant source of emissions, while forest fires were the main source in the southern provinces. Then, we used the Chongqing forest fire as a case study. A comparison with concentration data from ground-based monitoring stations showed that forest fires significantly impacted air quality in downwind areas and those close to the fire. SO2 and particulate matter concentrations were particularly affected. Our findings highlight the need for targeted control measures for specific pollutants in affected regions. These measures are essential for effective emergency management after a forest fire.
