青弋江流域大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其环境影响因素
- Structural Characteristics of Macroinvertebrate Communities and Their Environmental Influencing Factors in the Qingyi River Basin
- 徐光来
- 皖江流域退化生态系统的恢复与重建省部共建协同创新中心；安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院
- 张婷
- 皖江流域退化生态系统的恢复与重建省部共建协同创新中心；安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院
- 叶文郡
- 皖江流域退化生态系统的恢复与重建省部共建协同创新中心；安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院
- 田柳燕
- 皖江流域退化生态系统的恢复与重建省部共建协同创新中心；安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院
- 郑启航
- 皖江流域退化生态系统的恢复与重建省部共建协同创新中心；安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院
- 池建宇
- 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所海岸带生物学与生物资源利用重点实验室
- 徐晓华
- 皖江流域退化生态系统的恢复与重建省部共建协同创新中心；安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院
- 摘要：研究河流大型底栖动物群落结构特征及环境响应对水生态保护与修复具有重要意义。以青弋江为研究区，于2019—2021年进行了3次大型底栖动物及环境因子的调查，采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H’）、Margalef物种丰富度指数（d）和Pielou均匀度指数（J）等生物多样性指数分析了大型底栖动物群落结构特征，并运用Mantel检验及冗余分析探究了影响底栖动物群落的环境因子。研究结果表明：（1）采集并鉴定青弋江流域大型底栖动物64种，隶属于3门7纲18目55科。平均密度为252.71 个·m-2，昆虫纲占39.19%，占比最多。平均生物量为37.05 g·m-2，腹足纲占59.35%，占比最多。（2）多样性指数（H’）、丰富度指数（d）和均匀度指数（J）分别为1.92、3.02和0.55，为中等或良好水平。摄食功能类群占比为捕食者 > 刮食者 > 直接收集者 > 滤食者 > 撕食者。不同耐污类型占比为一般耐污种 > 耐污种 > 敏感种。人类活动干扰较多的中下游点位群落结构与中上游具有较大差别。（3）冗余分析表明，巨石、卵石基质和化学需氧量（COD）是影响物种分布的主要环境因子；缓冲区林地面积、砾石基质是影响多样性指数（H’）的主要因子；COD、沙和淤泥基质、农业用地占比是影响摄食功能类群的主要因子；缓冲区水域面积、COD是影响大型底栖动物敏感、耐污种的主要因子。方差分解表明，基质和土地利用是影响大型底栖动物物种组成和多样性的主要环境因子。研究结果可为研究区水生态环境治理和恢复提供理论参考。
- Abstract：It is important to study the structural characteristics and environmental responses of river macroinvertebrate communities for the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the Qingyi River Basin was used as the study area, and three surveys of macroinvertebrates and environmental factors were conducted from 2019 to 2021, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Margalef species richness index (d), and Pielou evenness index (J) were used to analyze the structure of the macroinvertebrate community, and Mantel's test and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to examine the environmental factors influencing the macroinvertebrate community. The results showed that: (1) 64 species of macroinvertebrate were collected and identified in the Qingyi River Basin, belonging to 3 phyla, 7 classes, 18 orders, and 55 families. The average density was 252.71 ind.·m-2, with Insecta classes accounting for 39.19% of the total. The average biomass was 37.05 g·m?2, with Gastropoda classes accounting for 59.35% of the total. (2) The diversity index (H'), richness index (d), and evenness index (J) were 1.92, 3.02, and 0.55, respectively, indicating moderate to good ecological conditions. The proportion of functional groups of feeding was shredders > scrapers > gather-collectors > filter-collectors > predators. The proportion of different types of pollution-tolerant is generally pollution-tolerant > pollution-tolerant > sensitive. The community structure in the middle and lower reaches, which are more disturbed by human activities, differed significantly from that in the upper and middle reaches. (3) Redundancy analyses showed that boulders, pebbles substrate, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of species; the area of forested land in the buffer zone and gravel of substrate were the main factors affecting the diversity index (H’); COD, sand and silt of substrate, and the proportion of agricultural land were the main factors influencing feeding functional groups; and the area of the buffer zone water and COD were the main factors affecting the sensitive and pollution-tolerant macroinvertebrate species. These findings can provide a theoretical basis for the management and ecological restoration of the aquatic ecological environment in the study area.
