基于在线观测PM2.5中微量元素特定来源的健康风险评价
- Health Risk Assessment Based on Online Observations of Specific Sources of Trace Elements in PM2.5
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（42307509，42207427）；安阳国家气候台开放研究基金（AYNCOF202405）；中国博士后科学基金（2022M711071）；河南省高校重点科研项目（24A610008）；新乡市重大科技专项（22ZD002）
- 余浩
- 河南师范大学环境学院，黄淮水环境与污染防治重点实验室，河南省环境污染防治重点实验室
- 郭幸悦
- 河南师范大学环境学院，黄淮水环境与污染防治重点实验室，河南省环境污染防治重点实验室
- 冯倩
- 河南师范大学环境学院，黄淮水环境与污染防治重点实验室，河南省环境污染防治重点实验室；国科大杭州高等研究院
- 姚丹
- 河南师范大学环境学院，黄淮水环境与污染防治重点实验室，河南省环境污染防治重点实验室
- 高文康
- 大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室，中国科学院大气物理研究所
- 闫广轩
- 河南师范大学环境学院，黄淮水环境与污染防治重点实验室，河南省环境污染防治重点实验室
- 胡鹏抟
- 河南师范大学环境学院，黄淮水环境与污染防治重点实验室，河南省环境污染防治重点实验室
- 贾晨辉
- 河南师范大学环境学院，黄淮水环境与污染防治重点实验室，河南省环境污染防治重点实验室
- 刘梦琳
- 河南师范大学环境学院，黄淮水环境与污染防治重点实验室，河南省环境污染防治重点实验室
- 摘要：为了更好的研究空气颗粒物（PM）中金属元素的来源与健康风险之间的关系，本研究以淄博市为载体，通过收集淄博市PM2.5中14种微量元素在线观测的浓度数据，探究淄博市PM2.5中金属元素的污染特征。结果表明，污染日PM2.5中14种微量元素的浓度是非污染日的1.0-2.4倍。在两种污染情况下，Fe、Zn和Cu都是最丰富的元素。使用正矩阵分解受体模型（PMF）定性识别颗粒物微量元素的来源，结果表明煤炭燃烧是淄博市PM2.5的主要来源，其相对贡献占51%，其次是冶炼尘，占20%。通过采用美国环境保护署人体健康风险评估模型进行健康风险评价，评估结果表明，九种非致癌金属（Mn、Co、Cr、Pb 、As、Cd、V、Zn、Ni）对于成人的总风险要高于儿童，且对于成人来说可能存在非致癌风险，致癌金属中As、Cr、Cd和Co对淄博市居民有较高的致癌风险。为了进一步探究不同来源对人体健康的影响，本研究基于来源解析的结果，利用健康风险评估模型对PM2.5不同来源的健康风险进行量化。结果表明，煤炭燃烧的致癌风险为2.64×10-5，占总致癌风险的73.4%，因此煤炭燃烧对颗粒物微量元素的健康风险起主导作用。
- Abstract：In order to better study the relationship between the source of metal elements in PM and health risks, this study took Zibo City as the carrier to explore the pollution characteristics of metal elements in PM2.5 by collecting online observation concentration data of 14 trace elements in Zibo City. The results showed that the concentration of 14 trace elements in PM2.5 on polluted days was 1.0-2.4 times of that on non-polluted days. In both contamination cases, Fe, Zn and Cu are the most abundant elements. The positive matrix decomposition receptor model (PMF) was used to qualitatively identify the source of trace elements in particulate matter. The results showed that coal combustion was the main source of PM2.5 in Zibo city, accounting for 51% of the relative contribution, followed by smelting dust, accounting for 20%. Through health risk assessment using the Human Health Risk Assessment model of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the evaluation results show that nine non-carcinogenic metals (Mn, Co, Cr, Pb, As, Cd, V, Zn, Ni) have a higher total risk for adults than children, and may present a non-carcinogenic risk for adults. Among carcinogenic metals, As, Cr, Cd and Co have higher carcinogenic risk to residents in Zibo City. In order to further explore the impact of different sources on human health, based on the results of source analysis, this study uses a health risk assessment model to quantify the health risks of different sources of PM2.5. The results show that the carcinogenic risk of coal burning is 2.64×10-5, accounting for 73.4% of the total carcinogenic risk. Therefore, coal combustion plays a dominant role in the health risks of particulate matter trace elements.
